24 Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Trimethaphan

Answer 1

Ganglionic blocker

IV治療惡性高血壓

Question 2

Mecamylamine

Answer 2

Ganglionic blocker

PO治療惡性高血壓

Question 3

Reserpine

Answer 3

Indirect-acting adrenergic blocker
抑制 dopamine 攝入小泡
用來降血壓，但會致鬱

Question 4

Guanethidine

Answer 4

Indirect-acting adrenergic blocker
抑制 Vesicle 內 Neurotransmitter 釋放至突觸間隙
用來降血壓

Question 5

Ephedrine

Answer 5

Indirect-acting adrenergic agonist
促進 Vesicle 內 Neurotransmitter 釋放
口服治療鼻塞、尿床

Question 6

Amphetamine

Answer 6

Indirect-acting adrenergic agonist
促進 Vesicle 內 Neurotransmitter 釋放
較易進入中樞，造成情緒亢奮、食慾抑制

Question 7

Methylphenidate

Answer 7

Amphetamine 一種

治療過動兒

Question 8

Phenylpropanolamine (PPA)

Answer 8

Amphetamine 一種，抑制食慾幫助減肥

Question 9

Amitriptyline (TCA)

Answer 9

Indirect-acting adrenergic agonist
抑制 NE, serotonin reuptake
治療憂鬱症

Question 10

Hemicholinium

Answer 10

Indirect-acting cholinergic blocker

抑制 choline 攝入（ACh 原料）

Question 11

Botulism

Answer 11

Indirect-acting cholinergic blocker
抑制 ACh 釋放到突觸
用於除皺、肌肉鬆弛

Question 12

Neostigmine

Answer 12

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonist
抑制 ACh 被 AChE 分解
治療術後腸阻塞、重症肌無力

Question 13

Physostigmine

Answer 13

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonist
抑制 ACh 被 AChE 分解
可過 BBB，治療青光眼

Question 14

Epinephrine

Answer 14

Mixed adrenergic agonist (α, β1, β2)

過敏性休克

Question 15

Norepinephrine

Answer 15

Mixed adrenergic agonist (α, β1)

治療低血壓，但腎灌流會下降

Question 16

Dopamine

Answer 16

Mixed adrenergic agonist (D>β>α)

治療低血壓，且不影響腎灌流

Question 17

Midodrine

Answer 17

α1 agonist

治療姿勢性低血壓

Question 18

Phenylephrine

Answer 18

α1 agonist

散瞳劑、治療鼻塞

Question 19

Clonidine

Answer 19

α2 agonist

治療腎不好的高血壓，但突然停藥會有 rebound HTN

Question 20

Methyldopa

Answer 20

α2 agonist

治療孕婦高血壓，突然停藥會有 rebound HTN

Question 21

Isoproteronol

Answer 21

β agonist

強心劑，少用

Question 22

Dobutamine

Answer 22

β1 agonist

治療心衰竭

Question 23

Albuterol, Fenoterol, Salbutamol, Terbutaline

Answer 23

β2 agonist, quick relief asthma

Question 24

Salmeterol, Procaterol

Answer 24

β2 agonist, long-term control asthma

Question 25

Ritodrine

Answer 25

β2 agonist, 子宮肌肉放鬆（安胎）

Question 26

Phentolamine

Answer 26

α blocker | 診斷 Pheochromocytoma

Question 27

Phenoxybenzamine

Answer 27

α blocker | 治療 Pheochromocytoma

Question 28

Tamsulosin, Prazosin, Terazocin, Doxazosin

Answer 28

α1 blocker | 治療 BPH & HTN

Question 29

Mirtazapine

Answer 29

α2 blocker (抑制節前神經元的負回饋) | Anti-depressant

Question 30

Carvedilol, Labetalol

Answer 30

α1 & β blocker | 治療 HTN, HF, 適合 COPD 患者

Question 31

Propranolol, Nadolol, Pindolol

Answer 31

β blocker | 治療 HTN, angina, Post-MI, 甲亢

Question 32

Timolol

Answer 32

β blocker | 治療青光眼

Question 33

Atenolol, Metoprolol, Bisoprolol

Answer 33

β1 blocker | 治療 HTN, angina

Question 34

Esmolol

Answer 34

β1 blocker | 治療 Arrhythmia

Question 35

Bethanechol

Answer 35

mAChR agonist | 治療術後腸麻痺、尿滯留

Question 36

Pilocarpine, Carbachol

Answer 36

mAChR agonist | 治療青光眼

Question 37

Cevimeline

Answer 37

mAChR agonist | 治療 Sjögren’s syndrome, 增加唾液分泌

Question 38

Methacholine

Answer 38

mAChR agonist | 診斷氣喘（誘發 Bronchospasm）

Question 39

Atropine

Answer 39

mAChR antagonist | 散瞳、術前減少分泌物與腸道活動

Question 40

Homatropine, Tropicamide

Answer 40

mAChR antagonist | 散瞳、檢查眼底

Question 41

Benztropine

Answer 41

mAChR antagonist | 治療 Parkinson’s disease

Question 42

Scopolamine

Answer 42

mAChR antagonist | 暈車藥

Question 43

Pirenzepine, Propantheline

Answer 43

``` mAChR antagonist (M1 blocker) 治療胃潰瘍 ```

Question 44

Ipratropium

Answer 44

mAChR antagonist | 治療 Asthma, COPD（促 Bronchodilation）

Question 45

Clidinium

Answer 45

mAChR antagonist | 治療腸躁症

Question 46

Oxybutynin

Answer 46

mAChR antagonist | 治療尿失禁

Question 47

Succinylcholine

Answer 47

nAChR agonist 一開始會使肌肉收縮，後來會放鬆，幫助插管 與 Halothane 併用易導致惡性高熱

Question 48

Edrophonium

Answer 48

nAChR agonist | 診斷重症肌無力（短效）

Question 49

Pyridostigmine

Answer 49

nAChR agonist | 治療重症肌無力

Question 50

Decamethonium

Answer 50

nAChR agonist | 短效，肌肉鬆弛，助插管

Question 51

Tubocurarine

Answer 51

nAChR agonist | 從小肌肉到大肌肉抑制

Question 52

Pancuronium

Answer 52

nAChR agonist | 從小肌肉到大肌肉抑制