24 marker essay plans

Question 2

Functionalist views on youth deviance

Question 3

Youths participate in youth culture due to a lack of status in wider society

Question 4

Youth subcultures are based on social class

Question 5

Interactionist explanations of youth deviance

Answer 5

P1) AO1 Police interactions with ethnic minorities + labeling theory.
- Cicourel argues that ethnic minorities are more likely to be ‘stopped and searched’ by the police due to the label assigned to them.
- Lemert; They’re much more likely to be labelled from primary deviancy which causes them to commit more secondary deviancy.
> According to offical police statistics the arrest rate for black people was 9x higher then white people.
> George floyd ‘I can’t breathe’
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P2) AO3 Marxists would disagree that the internationalist concept of labeling is the cause of youth deviance, but rather a lack of opportunities in a capitalist society.
- Cloward and Ohlin; illegitimate opportunities.
- Brake ‘magical solutions’
> Skinheads adopted an exaggerated working class style to ‘resist’ (Hall and Jefferson) their inequality of being in a lower class.
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P3) AO1 Youth deviance is created due to their relationship with the media and moral panics due to stigmatization.
- Cohen; coined the term ‘folk devils’ to describe people who fell victim to the media due to their ‘sensationalizing’ which creates deviance amplification.
- Mead; ‘I’ and ‘me’ (internalization + self fulfilling prophecy).
> Mods and Rockers on Brighton beach
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P4) AO3 Moral panics have lost their meanings.
- McRobbie and Thornton; media have become sophisticated in understanding how moral panics work (it’s used by sociologists + in school) to the point where it’s seen as a goal rather then genuine outrage.
> Right wring newspapers such as the Daily Mail or the sun are ore likely to write things to gain ‘shock value’ to get more sales for their newspapers.
- Waiton; moral panics are less likely to occur because society no longer has a ‘moral core’ therefore moral panics are less influential for mainstream younger generations.
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P5) AO1 Anti-school subcultures for young black boys.
- Sewell; culture on the streets is anti education and valuing instant gratification (being academic is feminine).
- Lacy; polarization between groups in school creates a self fufilling prophecy.
> Gilbourne, Caribbean children had more criticism then other children because they’d been given a label by the teachers. They create deviance is a form of resistance against racism.
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P6) Interactionists can be criticised for their unpredictability.
- Sewell; four main reactions to school: conformist, rebel, innovators, and retreatists. He found that black boys were mainly conformists (18% were rebels).
- Strand and Watson, African and Caribbean children tended to have more positive relationships in school - meaning that they had pro school values.
> Mac an Ghaill - ‘black sisters’ pro education but anti school.
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Question 6

Youth subculture is related to conflict

Question 7

Feminist views on the role of youth culture

Answer 7

P1) They’re ignored from other subcultures and forced into safe spaces.

P2) Postmodernism

P3) Anti school subcultures

P4)