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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT > 2.4: MORAL DEVELOPMENT > Flashcards

2.4: MORAL DEVELOPMENT Flashcards

1
Q

A set of guiding principles that dictate what is right or wrong or good or bad

A

Morality

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2
Q

A kind of development with respect to rules and conventions of interactions among people

A

Moral Development

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3
Q

Proponents of Theory on Moral Development

A

Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg

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4
Q

What is linked to the development of cognition?

A

The development of a child’s morality

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5
Q

How many ways do children regard morality according to Piaget?

A

2 ways

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6
Q

The 2 Stages of Moral Development according to Piaget

A
  1. Heteronormous Morality
  2. Autonomous Morality
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7
Q

Age range for Heteronormous Morality Stage

A

4-7 years

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8
Q

True or False: Moral realism is for the autonomous morality stage.

A

False, moral relativism

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9
Q

Moral Realism

A

Heteronormous Morality Stage

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10
Q

Moral Relativism

A

Autonomous Morality Stage

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11
Q

Morality is based on personal intentions and motives

A

Autonomous Morality

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12
Q

Morality is imposed from the outside world and forces and factors

A

Heteronormous Stage

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13
Q

True or False: Dystonic comes first.

A

False, syntonic.

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14
Q

True or False: Syntonic is bad.

A

False, good.

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15
Q

True or False: Dystonic is bad.

A

True

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16
Q

People are properties of the world

A

Heteronormous Morality

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17
Q

People must obey established rules and laws

A

Heteronormous Morality

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18
Q

Immanent justice is believed

A

Heteronormous Morality

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19
Q

Punishment for a person who violates rules and laws

A

Heteronormous Morality

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20
Q

Punishment imposed depending on the gravity or severity of the act

A

Expiatory Punishment

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21
Q

Expiatory punishment is applied

A

Heteronormous Morality

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22
Q

Rules and laws are imposed by authorities and are beyond the control of people

A

Heteronormous Morality

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23
Q

Age range for Autonomous Morality

A

10 years and older

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24
Q

True or False: Heteronormous morality believes in restitution than retribution.

A

False, retribution than restitution

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25
Q

Upholds restitution than retribution

A

Autonomous Morality

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26
Q

Laws and rules are formed by people, not solely by figures of authority

A

Autonomous Morality

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27
Q

Rules can be changed if the circumstances dictate the need to

A

Autonomous Morality

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28
Q

True or False: The transitional period between heteronomous and autonomous morality is also a universal stage.

A

False

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29
Q

Manifest indicators for the 2 other stages of Piaget’s theory of moral development

A

Transitional Period

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30
Q

True or False: Jean Piaget discovered the role of cognitive ability in developing moral reasoning of children.

A

False, Lawrence Kohlberg

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31
Q

True or False: Kohlberg posits that everyone is able to reach all his stages of moral dev’t.

A

False, not all people

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32
Q

True or False: The morality of people can only be at 1 stage at a time. Each stage gets replaced by another as they develop, according to Kohlberg.

A

True

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33
Q

How many stages does the theory of moral dev’t of Kohlberg have?

A

6

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34
Q

True or False: Lawrence Kohlberg formed 4 levels of morality with 2 stages in each level.

A

False, 3 levels of morality

35
Q

The 3 Levels of Kohlberg’s Moral Development

A
  1. Pre-Conventional
  2. Conventional
  3. Post-Conventional
36
Q

Level equivalent to heteronormous morality of Piaget

A

Pre-Conventional Level

37
Q

Usually until what stage do people reach in Kohlberg’s moral development?

A

Stage 4

38
Q

Authority gives punishment or reward

A

Pre-Conventional Level

39
Q

Judgment is dependent only on a person’s observations and desires

A

Pre-Conventional

40
Q

Morality and the consequences of compliance or disobedience is reliant on authorityy

A

Pre-Conventional Level

41
Q

2 Stages in Pre-Conventional Level

A
  1. Obedience and Punishment
  2. Personal Reward
42
Q

Age range for Obedience and Punishment

A

Birth to 9 years

43
Q

A child maintains good behavior in fear of punishment

A

Obedience and Punishment

44
Q

What are motives for acting decently in obedience and punishment?

A
  1. Apprehension toward authority
  2. Evasion from penalty / punishment
45
Q

Deciding what is right or wrong based on what action is punished

A

Obedience and Punishment

46
Q

Age range for Personal Reward

A

9 to 13 years

47
Q

Wrong and right is based on what is rewarded

A

Personal Reward

48
Q

A child maintains good behavior for the fulfillment of personal desires

A

Personal Reward

49
Q

True or False: Pre-Conventional Level is when authority is internalized.

A

False, conventional

50
Q

A person adheres to what is “conventional”

A

Conventional Level

51
Q

Society and law expectations regarding the individual

A

Conventional Level

52
Q

Reasoning is based on the norms of a group the person belongs to

A

Conventional Level

53
Q

Internalization of moral standards of valued role models

A

Conventional Level

54
Q

Level where there is understanding that rules must be followed to be accepted and to maintain order

A

Conventional Level

55
Q

2 Stages under Conventional Level

A
  1. Interpersonal Conformity
  2. Law and Order
56
Q

Age range for interpersonal conformity

A

13 years onwards

57
Q

Stage wherein an individual conforms to be accepted

A

Interpersonal Conformity

58
Q

Right or wrong is based on what other people approve or disapprove of

A

Interpersonal Conformity

59
Q

Prioritizing the fondness and liking of friends and family that instigates good conduct in a person

A

Interpersonal Conformity

60
Q

Goodness of an action is based on accepted societal norms

A

Interpersonal Conformity

61
Q

A person adheres to rules to maintain order in society

A

Law and Order

62
Q

Right or wrong is based on the rules that should be followed

A

Law and Order

63
Q

When your thoughts match your actions

A

Moral Congruence

64
Q

The consideration of society and respect for rules and authority

A

Law and Order

65
Q

The obligation to advocate rules and laws for own sake

A

Law and Order

66
Q

True or False: The obligation to disobey rules and laws for own sake rationalizes moral congruence.

A

False, advocate

67
Q

Only what percent of the population reaches the Post-Conventional Level?

A

10-15%

68
Q

There is flexibility in accepting rules

A

Post-Conventional Stage

69
Q

Individual judgment is based on own principles and not on anything concrete or external

A

Post-Conventional

70
Q

A person may not necessarily accept or follow given rules as they follow their own given rules and ethics code system

A

Post-Conventional

71
Q

A person develops their own personal code of ethics

A

Post-Conventional

72
Q

Moral reasoning is based on individuals’ rights and justice

A

Post-Conventional

73
Q

2 Stages under Post-Conventional Level

A
  1. Social Contract
  2. Universal Ethical Principles
74
Q

Deciding what is right or wrong is based on laws

A

Social Contract

75
Q

Laws and rules are followed but are not always clear-cut and promoting the general welfare

A

Social Contract

76
Q

Laws that are not serving the common good can be changed to meet the greatest good for the greatest number of people

A

Social Contract

77
Q

There are times when rules or laws will still work against the interest of others

A

Social Contract

78
Q

Morality is being mindful and kind to fellow human beings

A

Social Contract

79
Q

Morality is being respectful of law and order

A

Social Contract

80
Q

Deciding what is right or wrong is based on universal principles

A

Universal Ethical Principles

81
Q

A person is guided by their own moral guidelines that may not fit or align with the law

A

Universal Ethical Principles

82
Q

Morality of individual principles and conscience

A

Universal Ethical Principles

83
Q

Looking into one’s conscience while pursuing justice and equality

A

Universal Ethical Principles

84
Q

Should there be conflict between social law and universal principle, what must be adhered to?

A

Universal principle

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT (10 decks)

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