2.4 nsci in the scientific revolution

Question 1

major scientists?

Answer 1

gall, broca, ebbinghaus, james, thorndike

Question 2

main ideas?

Answer 2

indepented developments in psychology (bad and good experiments)

evolution of scientific method (more case studies/hypotheses/empirical evidence)

Question 3

franz joseph gall?

Answer 3

certain memory functions are localized to different brain areas

formed phrenology: skull topography determines personality/character

Question 4

phinease gage

Answer 4

impaled by large iron rod (left frontal lobe)

learning/memory were not altered

personality was altered = frontal lobe

Question 5

paul broca

Answer 5

cerebral localization of function

study deficits of patients with brain damage to understand function (neurophysiology)

patient with damaged left inferior frontal lobes
- expressive aphasia (Broca’s aphasia)
- can’t produce speech

Question 6

hermann ebbinghaus

Answer 6

first scientific study of memory

own test subject

discoveries:
- learning curve and forgetting curve
- recency and primacy effect
- savings
- voluntary/involuntary memory
- association (mechanism of learning)

Question 7

william james

Answer 7

2 types of memory formation:
- primary (info remembered for seconds)
- secondary (storage of info that can be brought into consciousness if recalled)

Question 8

edward thorndike

Answer 8

connectionism
- basis of operant conditioning
- process of forming associations

laws of connectionism
- law of effect (responses with satisfying effect more likely to reoccur)
- law of readiness (subject must be prepared for associations to be made)
- law of exercise (strength of associations affected by amount of practice)