2.4 Reproduction in plants

Question 1

These higher plants belong to a group of gymnosperms known as _.

Answer 1

conifers

Question 2

T/F
Most conifers have narrow, needle shaped leaves with thin cuticle, which enable them to live in extremely cold and hot environments.

Answer 2

False, they have thick cuticles

Question 3

Most conifers have narrow, needle shaped leaves with thick cuticle, which enable them to live in _ and _ environments.

Answer 3

extremely cold and hot

Question 4

_ are evergreen and do not shade their leaves both in winter and summer.

Answer 4

Conifers

Question 5

T/F
Conifers are evergreen and they shed their leaves both in winter and summer.

Answer 5

False, they don’t shed their leaves

Question 6

Podocarpus falcatus (“_“)

Answer 6

Zigba

Question 7

Juniperus procera (“_”)

Answer 7

Tid

Question 8

T/F
A pine tree has male and female cones on different plants.

Answer 8

False, they are on one plant

Question 9

Initially, pollen is transferred from the _ cone to the _ cone.

Answer 9

male, female

Question 10

Define pollination.

Answer 10

It’s the process by which pollen is transferred from the male cone to the female cone.

Question 11

Initially, pollen is transferred from the male cone to the female cone. The process is called _ and occurs with the help of _.

Answer 11

pollination, wind

Question 12

Following pollination, the pollen completes its _.

Answer 12

germination

Question 13

Following _, the pollen completes its germination.

Answer 13

pollination

Question 14

Following pollination, the pollen completes its germination and produces the _ inside the _.

Answer 14

male gamete, female cone

Question 15

The _ is also produced in the female cone.

Answer 15

female gamete

Question 16

The male and female gametes fuse (unite) and form a _.

Answer 16

zygote

Question 17

Define fertilization.

Answer 17

It is the process by which the male and female gametes fuse (join) to for a zygote (fertilized egg).

Question 18

A zygote develops into a _ inside the female cone.

Answer 18

seed embryo

Question 19

A zygote develops into a seed embryo inside the _.

Answer 19

female cone

Question 20

After the seed is matured, the seed embryo is liberated upon _ and _ of the female cone.

Answer 20

drying and opening

Question 21

T/F
Then the seed will be dispersed or scattered close to the parent plant and germinates into a seedling (young pine plant) upon getting favorable conditions.

Answer 21

False, it is scattered away from the parent plant.

Question 22

_ is the reproductive organ of angiosperms, plants with seeds covered by or contained in a fruit.

Answer 22

A flower

Question 23

A typical flower has four floral parts, namely:

Answer 23

Sepals, Petals, Stamen, and Pistil.

Question 24

_ – usually green leaf-like structure protecting the lower part of female and male parts

Answer 24

Sepals

Question 25

_ – mostly brightly colored and attract pollinating agents like insects

Answer 25

Petals

Question 26

_ – usually green leaf-like structure protecting the lower part of female and male parts.

Answer 26

Calyx

Question 27

_ – mostly brightly colored and attract pollinating agents like insects

Answer 27

Corolla

Question 28

_ - is the male part, consisting of the filament and bilobed anther

Answer 28

Stamen

Question 29

_ – is the female part, consisting of the ovary with ovules, style and stigma.

Answer 29

Pistil

Question 30

_ – is the male part, consisting of the filament and bilobed anther

Answer 30

Androecium

Question 31

_ – is the female part, consisting of the ovary with ovules, style and stigma.

Answer 31

Gynoecium or carpel

Question 32

A complete flower has _ floral parts.

Answer 32

four

Question 33

A flower is called _ if it does not have any one of the floral parts.

Answer 33

incomplete flower

Question 34

A perfect flower has both _ and _.

Answer 34

stamen and pistil

Question 35

If a flower does not have either stamen or pistil, it is known as _.

Answer 35

imperfect flower

Question 36

An imperfect flower is either _ (has pistil and no stamen) flower.

Answer 36

pistilated

Question 37

An imperfect flower is either _ (has stamen but no pistil) flower.

Answer 37

staminated

Question 38

T/F An incomplete flower is an imperfect flower, but an imperfect flower may or may not be an incomplete flower.

Answer 38

False, it's all the other way around. An imperfect flower is an incomplete flower, but an incomplete flower may or may not be an imperfect flower.

Question 39

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the _ of a stamen to the _ of the pistil.

Answer 39

anther, stigma

Question 40

Pollination can be between stamen and pistil on one flower or between flowers on one plant (_)

Answer 40

Self Pollination

Question 41

Pollination can be between two flowers on different plants (_).

Answer 41

cross-pollination

Question 42

Pollination requires pollinating agents such as _ or _.

Answer 42

insects or wind

Question 43

T/F There is a strong relationship between the nature of the flower and the pollinating agents

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Following pollination, a flowering plant passes through distinct stages:

Answer 44

Pollen tube formation Fertilization Seed and fruit formation Seed dispersal Seed dormancy /Seed germination

Question 45

Pollen grains landing on the stigma will form pollen tubes that grow down in the style and form the male gamete as it approaches the _.

Answer 45

ovule

Question 46

_ is the union of the male gamete and the female gamete, occurring in the _ within the _.

Answer 46

Fertilization ovule, ovary

Question 47

As a result of fertilization, a _ that develops into a seed embryo will be formed.

Answer 47

zygote

Question 48

Following fertilization and formation of seed embryo, the ovule matures into _ while the ovary matures into a _.

Answer 48

seed, fruit

Question 49

_ is a mechanism of scattering seeds around or away from the parent plant.

Answer 49

Seed dispersal

Question 50

Seed dispersal like pollination requires agents such as _ or_.

Answer 50

animals or wind.

Question 51

The fate of a seed landing at a certain place will be either _ or _.

Answer 51

dormancy, germination

Question 52

A _ seed is inactive and waiting for the favorable condition to start germination.

Answer 52

dormant

Question 53

If there is enough water and nutrients the seed will break dormancy and the seed embryo starts to develop into a seedling (Young and new plant). This process is called _.

Answer 53

seed germination