24 urinary

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a component of the urinary tract?

Answer 1

kidneys

Question 2

The right kidney sits ________ to the left kidney due to the position of the liver.

Answer 2

inferior

Question 3

Urine is transported from kidney to the urinary bladder by the:

Answer 3

urethra.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the kidneys?

Answer 4

hematopoiesis

Question 5

Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys to:

Answer 5

regulate red blood cell production by the bone marrow

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a component of the urinary tract?

Answer 7

kidneys (urinary bladder
ureters, urethra) yes

Question 8

The right kidney sits ________ to the left kidney due to the position of the liver.

Answer 8

inferior

Question 9

Urine is transported from kidney to the urinary bladder by the:

Answer 9

ureter.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the kidneys?

Answer 10

hematopoiesis

Question 11

Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys to:

Answer 11

regulate red blood cell production by the bone marrow.

Question 12

The vasa recta is labeled ___________.

Answer 12

The nephron loops of juxtamedullary nephrons are surrounded by a network of capillaries called the vasa recta. The vasa recta act as a special kind of vascular system called a countercurrent exchanger.

Question 13

Which of the following represents the thick ascending limb of the nephron loop?

Answer 13

The thick ascending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to Na and Cl ions, but it is not permeable to water.

Question 14

Glomerulus

Answer 14

a network of tiny blood vessels (capillaries) located in the kidneys. cup-shaped structure called Bowman’s capsule.

Question 15

Distal tubule

Answer 15

a short nephron segment, interposed between the macula densa and collecting duct.

Question 16

Nephron loop (Loop of Henle)

Answer 16

a U-shaped portion of the nephron in the kidney that plays a crucial role in water and salt reabsorption, forming a countercurrent system to concentrate urine.

Question 17

Peritubular capillaries

Answer 17

tiny blood vessels in your kidneys.

Question 18

Medullary collecting duct

Answer 18

the final regulator of excretion of many solutes. (long stem)

Question 19

Proximal tubule

Answer 19

the first segment of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney.

Question 20

The arteriole that delivers blood to the glomerulus is the __________.

Answer 20

afferent arteriole between the interlobular artery and the glomerulus.

Question 21

The most common type of nephrons, which have a relatively short nephron loop that does NOT extend deep into the medulla, are called __________ nephrons.

Answer 21

cortical

Question 22

The functional units of the kidneys are:

Answer 22

nephrons.

Question 23

Urine drains from a major calyx into:

Answer 23

the renal pelvis.

Question 24

A glomerulus is:

Answer 24

a set of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.

Question 25

Which portion of the renal tubule has a brush border created by the presence of many microvilli?

Answer 25

proximal tubule

Question 26

Filtration takes place at __________.

Answer 26

Filtration happens at the glomerulus and is responsible for the formation of filtrate, which collects in the glomerular capsule.

Question 27

What should NOT be found in filtrate?

Answer 27

plasma proteins

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT part of the filtration membrane?

Answer 28

squamous epithelial cells of the glomerular capsule

Question 29

The amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys in 1 minute is defined as the __________.

Answer 29

GFR, The glomerular filtration rate is about 125 ml/min.

Question 30

The hormone ANP causes an __________.

Answer 30

ANP increases the GFR. High GFR leads to more fluid loss and therefore decreases blood volume and effectively lowers blood pressure.

Question 31

Podocytes in fenestrated glomerular capillaries prevent the filtration of large molecules such as:

Answer 31

albumin.

Question 32

The main force that promotes filtration in a nephron is:

Answer 32

glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP).

Question 33

Which of these is a hormone that lowers blood volume and blood pressure?

Answer 33

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 34

The kidneys monitor and regulate blood pH levels. If a patient is suffering from hypoventilation, the blood pH will decrease, causing the kidneys to:

Answer 34

increase their secretion of hydrogen ions and increase the reabsorption of bicarbonates ions.

Question 35

Which of the following is true about tubular reabsorption?

Answer 35

It involves carrier-mediated transport.

Question 36

Consuming alcohol inhibits the release of ADH. As a result __________.

Answer 36

urine volume will increase

Question 37

The reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the proximal tubule helps regulate:

Answer 37

blood pH.

Question 38

Hydrogen ion secretion leads to bicarbonate ions reabsorption in order to maintain proper blood pH balance

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Which statement is TRUE regarding antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Answer 39

ADH increases the permeability of the late distal tubule and cortical collecting ducts to water.

Question 40

Which of the following is a normal property of urine?

Answer 40

translucent, Regardless of the color, urine should always be translucent. Cloudy urine indicates infection or the presence of proteins in the urine.

Question 41

A substance will have the fastest renal clearance if it is __________.

Answer 41

filtered and secreted

Question 42

Each of the following is typical of urine EXCEPT:

Answer 42

a pH of 3.0

Question 43

What process propels urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder in the ureters?

Answer 43

peristalsis

Question 44

The trigone of the urinary bladder is created by:

Answer 44

the openings to the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice

Question 45

Compared to the male urethra, the female urethra:

Answer 45

is shorter.

Question 46

Voluntary neural control is necessary for:

Answer 46

relaxation of the external urethral sphincter.