Test IV Flashcards
In general, where does planning occur in the limbic system?
The frontal and cingulate cortices
What are the basic functions of the limbic system?
Planning, cognition, stress, fear, and memory
In general, where does cognition occur in the limbic system?
The cerebral cortex
In general, where does stress processing occur in the limbic system?
The HPA axis, hippocampus, and amygdala
In general, where does fear processing occur in the limbic system?
The amygdala
In general, where does memory processing occur in the limbic system?
The hippocampus and entorhinal cortices
What is the physiologic function of reticular formation?
Alerting and wakefulness (via the ascending reticular-activating system)
What is the anatomical function of reticular formation?
Modulation of wide brain areas (via reticular neurons)
In reticular formation, sensory input enters which nuclei?
Raphe and lateral nuclei
From where and to where do these neuromodulators project?: NE, dopamine, serotonin (5-HT), and ACh
NE: from locus ceruleus to cerebral cortex, brain stem, spinal cord, and cerebellum (… the CNS)
Dopamine: from substantia nigra and ventral tegmentum (midbrain) to PFC and basal ganglia
Serotonin: from raphe nucleus to cortex
ACh: from septum, nucleus basalis, and diagonal band of Broca to thalamus and cortex
What is the function of the NE neuromodulatory pathway?
Attention selectivity under stress
What is the function of the dopamine neuromodulatory pathway?
PFC: motivationally-based behavior
What is the function of the serotonin neuromodulatory pathway?
Mood; sleep-wake cycles
What is the function of the ACh neuromodulatory pathway?
Memory and cognition
What is the basic function of the LPFC (lateral prefrontal cortex)?
Working memory, executive control functions, and determination of the course of behavior (vs alternatives)
What is the basic function of the OFC (orbitofrontal cortex)?
Reward, motivation, emotional decision-making, *inhibition of inappropriate action (long-term advantage pursuit), *reversal of stimulus-response learning
What is the basic function of the MPFC (medial prefrontal cortex, a part of the ventromedial cortex)?
Emotional bias decision-making, extinction of fear conditioning, experience of emotions and meaning of perceptions
What is the basic function of the anterior cingulate cortex?
A behaviorally-based decision maker for complex actions
Basic rules of through:
1) Ventral and medial regions regulate _______
2) Dorsal and lateral regions regulate _______
1) Emotion
2) Thought and action
The PFC provides top-down control over _______
Attention, emotion, and behavior
The PFC interconnects cortices in order to: (three things)
- Regulate high-order decision-making
- Plan and organize for the future
- Orchestrate activity for behavior, thought, or emotional regulation
The PFC has connections with reticular nuclei… it can thus self-regulate: (hint - think neuromodulatory pathways)
NE via the locus ceruleus
Dopamine via the substantia nigra and ventral tegmentum