Genetics

Question 0

What is natural selection/survival of the fittest?

Answer 0

There are many different variations of one species and the weaker ones die out and so only the fitter ones are left, the fitter ones pass on their genes to their offspring and so slowly the species gets stronger and stronger

Question 1

How many pairs of chromosomes are there in every human cell?

Answer 1

23

Question 2

Which is the male chromosome X or Y?

Answer 2

Y

Question 3

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 3

Cystic fibrosis is a disease that causes people to produce extra mucus it is a genetic disorder that can make it hard to breath for diagnosed people

Question 4

what type of chromosomes do women have?

Answer 4

women have xx chromosomes

Question 5

name 4 environmental effects on humans?

Answer 5

1. personality
2. height
3. weight
4. accent

Question 6

name 4 genetic effects on humans

Answer 6

1. eye colour
2. skin colour
3. natural hair colour
4. genetic disease

Question 7

what is mitosis?

Answer 7

mitosis is when a cell separates into two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 8

What happens when wildebeest migrate?

Answer 8

Every year thousands of wildebeest start on a migration walking for hundreds across southern Africa, some die of exhaustion some are killed by predators, this is good for the population of the wildebeest because only the fittest survive the long journey

Question 9

What where Charles Darwin’s 4 observations?

Answer 9

1) All organisms produce more offspring than could possibly survive
2) But population numbers tend to remain fairly constant over long periods
3) Organisms in a species show wide variation due to different genes
4) Some of the variations are inherited and passed on to the next generation

Question 10

What did he deduce from his observations?

Answer 10

1) Since most offspring don’t survive because they are eaten or get ill and die, there is a struggle for survival
2) The ones that survive will pass on their genes, these are the strongest and fittest

Question 11

Why is mutation important in natural selection?

Answer 11

A mutant has a new feature with high survival value eg long eared rabbits

Question 12

What is artificial selection?

Answer 12

Artificial selection is when farmers choose the characteristics they want in a plant or animal (eg very red tomatoes, fat pigs, cows that produce lots of milk). The farmer breeds by mixing specific male and female sex cells.

Question 13

What is a karyotype?

Answer 13

A karyotype is a diagram showing a full set of chromosomes arranged in their pares

Question 14

How can you tell if someone has a syndrome?

Answer 14

The karyotype shows an abnormal set of chromosomes

Question 15

What is a dominant allele?

Answer 15

A dominant allele is always seen in the appearance of an individual eg, tongue rolling

Question 16

What is a receive allele?

Answer 16

A receive allele is a characteristic that misses a generation

Question 17

How do you get cystic fibrosis?

Answer 17

You can only get cystic fibrosis if your mother and father carry the cf gene, the mother and father are carriers because they only have one cf gene each

Question 18

What is polydactite?

Answer 18

This is being born with extra fingers or toes, it is a dominant gene

Question 19

Name the parts of a flower

Answer 19

1) Petal
2) Stigma
3) Style
4) Ovary
5) Sepal
6) Nectary
7) Anther
8) Filament

Question 20

Where are the reproductive organs in a plant?

Answer 20

The flower

Question 21

Which are the female reproductive organs in the flower?

Answer 21

Stigma
Style
Ovary

Question 22

Which are the male reproductive organs in a flower?

Answer 22

Nectary

Stamen

Question 23

What is inside the stamen?

Answer 23

Anther and filament

Question 24

Where are the male sex cells?

Answer 24

In the pollen cells

Question 25

How do plants reproduce?

Answer 25

Pollination (the transfer of pollen) from anther to stigma

Question 26

What is DNA

Answer 26

The chemical that genes are made of

Question 27

What is a clone?

Answer 27

A genetically identical copy

Question 28

What is a gamete?

Answer 28

A sex cell such as sperm or egg

Question 29

What is a chromosome?

Answer 29

A long strand of DNA

Question 30

Where is a chromosome found?

Answer 30

In the nucleus of the cell