Chapter 10- The Variety Of Life Flashcards
Haemoglobin
Secondary structure
Each polypeptide chain is coiled into a helix
Haemoglobin
Primary structure
Four polypeptide chains
Haemoglobin
Tertiary structure
Each polypeptide chain is folded into a precise shape - an important factor to carry oxygen
Haemoglobin
Quaternary structure
All four polypeptide chains are linked together
Each polypeptide chains is associated with a heme group
The role of Haemoglobin
Readily associate with oxygen at a gas exchange surface
Readily disassociate with oxygen at tissues requiring it
Why have different haemoglobin’s?
High affinity, oxygen will bind more readily to it
Low affinity, oxygen will be released more readily from it
Starch
Polysaccharide found in parts of a plant
Made up of chains of alpha glucose
The chain is wound into coils making the molecule very compact
Glycogen
Very similar to starch but is found in animal
Made up of smaller chains
Cellulose
Chain of beta glucose
Each monosaccharide is rotated 180 degrees when compared to its neighbour
Molecules are grouped together to from microfibrils
Major component in cell walls, provided rigidity to the cell and prevents the cell from bursting
Allowing bonds to form across the chains (similar to the structure of graphite)
Leaf palisade cell
Long, thin
Numerous chloroplasts
Large vacuole
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts vary in shape and size but are disc shaped
The chloroplasts envelope
Double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle, highly selective on what can enter and leave the organelle
Chloroplasts
THE GRANA
Stacks of up to 100 disk like structures called thylakoids
Chloroplast
THE STROMA
Fluid filled matrix, where the second part of photosynthesis takes place
Cell wall
Consist of a number of polysaccharide’s
Thin layer called the middle lamella
Provide mechanical strength
Allow water to pass along it
