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Brain and Behavior > 2.4.1 Brain Tumors > Flashcards

2.4.1 Brain Tumors Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What is the important genetic marker for oligodendrogliomas?

A

-1p/16q deletions respond favorably to chemotherapy

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2
Q

Circumscribed gliomas may have what genetic mutation?

A

BRAF mutations

No IDH mutation

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3
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Ependyoma

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of a pilocytic astrocytoma?

A
  • Benign tumor
  • Most common CNS tumor in children
  • Locations: cerebellum, 3rd ventricle, optic nerve
  • Possibly associated with NF1
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5
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Glioblastoma Grade IV

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of a glioblastoma?

A
  • Grade IV Astrocytoma
  • May see defined lesion on imaging

-Butterfly effect – arising in the cerebral hemisphere and crossing the corpus callosum

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7
Q

What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?

A
  • Meningeal Carcinomatosis
  • Malignant, metastatic tumor cells growing in subarachnoid space
  • Typically from:
  • Small Cell Carcinoma
  • Adenocarciomas: breast, lung
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8
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Pilocytic Astrocytoma

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9
Q

What are the covered parts?

A
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10
Q

What are the characteristics of hemangioblastoma?

A
  • Highly vascular tumor typically seen in the cerebellum
  • Often associated with VHL Disease:
  • -AD
  • -Cysts in pancreas, liver, kidneys
  • -RCC & capillary hemangioblastoma

Characterized by neoplastic stromal cells and abundant small vessels

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11
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Maxopapillary ependymoma

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12
Q

What are these image of?

A

Glioblastoma

Left demonstrates necrosis

Right demonstrates vascular proliferation

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13
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Meningioma

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14
Q

What are the gross findings associated with brain metastases?

A

-sharply demarcated, gray white junction, surrounding edema

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of a medulloblastoma?

A
  • Malignant tumor of childhood
  • May occur in the cortex of adults due to seeding
  • Tumor of granular cells of cerebellum
  • Derived from neuroectodermal tissues
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16
Q

What is the role of IDH-1 in diffuse gliomas?

A
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17
Q

What are the characteristics of an ependyoma?

A
  • Malignant tumor
  • Commonly found in 4th ventricle of children, causing hydrocephalus
  • Locations: Ventricular areas, spinal cord
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18
Q

What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?

A

Diffuse astrocytoma

MRI showing no enhancement

Malignant, high grade tumor

Most common adult primary brain tumor

WHO Grades: II, III (Anaplastic), IV (Glioblastoma)

Imaging: edema, mass effect, no well-defined lesion

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19
Q

What are the imaging and histological characteristics of medulloblastoma?

A
  • Imaging: midline lesion in cerebellum
  • Histology: small, round cells with Homer-Wright Rosettes
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20
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Medulloblastoma

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21
Q

What are the histological characteristics of a glioblastoma?

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A
  • Increased necrosis
  • Pseudopalisading (living cells lined up next to areas of necrosis)
  • Increased endothelial cell proliferation
  • Vascular proliferation
22
Q

What are the imaging and histological characteristics of a pilocytic astrocytoma?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Imaging: cystic-solid enhancing lesion with mural nodule
  • -Relative circumscription
  • Hist: eosinophilic astrocytes with thick processes
  • -“Rosenthal Fibers”
23
Q

What are the genetics associated with diffuse astrocytoma?

24
Q

What is this an image of?

Study These Flashcards
A

Diffuse astrocytoma

25
What is this an image of?
Hemangioblastoma
26
What are these images of?
Ependymoma
27
What are the characteristics of CNS Lymphoma?
- Imaging: enhancing lesion in cerebellum - Features: * **-B cells (stained via CD20)** * -EBV association * -Angiocentric growth pattern * -Associated with immunosuppression -**Avoid Preop steroids as some lymphomas are very sensitive**
28
What are the two types of growth patterns of central nervous system tumors?
Diffuse (right) and discrete mass (left)
29
What is this an image of?
Medulloblastoma
30
What are the genes associated with a diffuse glioma?
IDH1 or IDH2
31
What is this an image of?
Oligodendroglioma
32
Why is there poor prognosis associated with medulloblastoma?
-Poor prognosis due to rapid growth & spread via CSF
33
What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma -Histology: * -Large, bizarre cells * -Chronic inflammation * -Special structures: eosinophilic grnular bodies -Imaging: superficial mass, interfacing with leptomeninges, cystic with solid nodule
34
What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?
Oligodendroglioma Malignant tumor of oligodendrocytes Histology - calcification, perinuclear haloes, chicken wire vasculature, and fried egg appearance Usually involves the frontal lobe and can cause seizures
35
What is this an image of?
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma
36
What is this an image of?
Meningioma - psamomma bodies are present
37
What are these images of?
38
What is this an image of?
Oligodendroglioma
39
What is this an image of?
Meningioma
40
What are the most common metastasis to the brain?
- Top 5 (80% of metastatic carcinoma to the brain) - Lung - Breast - Skin - Kidney - GI Tract
41
What is this an image of?
Ependyoma
42
What are the characteristics of a meningioma including imaging, histology, and cytogenetics?
- Benign tumor of **arachnoid cells** - Typically affects females over males - Imaging: round, extradural mass with edema - Typically noninvasive - May cause **seizures due to compression** - Easily resected - Histology: **_whorled cells, psammoma bodies_** - Cytogenics: has progesterone receptor, loss of chromosome 22q - Possibly associated with NF2
43
What is this an image of?
Glioblastoma
44
What are these images of?
Pilocytic astrocytoma - histological characteristics include ROSENTHAL FIBERS
45
What is this an image of?
Anaplastic Astrocytoma WHO Grade III A+M = Atypia and Mitosis
46
What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?
Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor (ATRT)
47
What are the characteristic histological findings associated with ependymoma?
-Perivascular pseudorosettes, effacement with vascular tissue
48
What is this an image of?
Primary CNS lymphoma
49
What is this an image of?
Glioblastoma
50
What are the characteristics of Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor?
- Tumor of rhabdoid cells affecting young children (\<5) - Location: posterior fossa or supratentorial - Rhabdoid cells; polyphenotypic - neuroecto, epithelial, and mesenchymal - High frequency of hSNF5/(SMARCB1)INI1 gene loss from chromosome 22
51
What are these images of and what are the characteristics?
Ganglioma

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