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The French Revolution Flashcards

0
Q

What were some political abuses in France?

A

King was an absolute ruler who ruled by divine right
Chose administrators by birth and friendship
Royal government was corrupt and inefficient
Civil liberties abused
Letters de cachet

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1
Q

What was the Old Regime?

A

The political, social, and economic system of the 18th century

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2
Q

What was the Lettre de Cachet?

A

The king could imprison his enemies without charge, bail or trial.

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3
Q

What were some social abuses in France?

A

People divided into three estates
1st estate: clergy
2nd estate: nobility
3rd estate: bourgeoise, merchants etc

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4
Q

Economic problems in France?

A

Third estate had most of the taxes therefore only has 1/2 of their income to live on.

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5
Q

What were some taxes peasants had to pay?

A

To the government:
the taille (land tax)
the corvée (labor on roads and bridges)
the gabelle (salt tax)

To the church:
The tithe (10% of income)

To the feudal lords:
Feudal taxes

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6
Q

Who did France give a lot of money to?

A

The American Revolution

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7
Q

Why did discontent began to grow in the mid 1700s?

A

Bourgeoise unrest and financial difficulties.

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8
Q

What book did Rousseau write and what did he believe in?

A

The Social Contract; believed you could overthrow the government and believe in democracy

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9
Q

What book did Voltaire write as what did he believe in?

A

He wrote 70 books like Candide and Ziddig; believed in freedom of speech

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10
Q

What did Montesquieu believe in and what book did he write?

A

The Spirit of the Laws; believed in tree branches of government and the system of checks and balances

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11
Q

Who did Louis XVI call since he needed money?

A

The Estates-General (not a democracy)

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12
Q

What was the civil constitution of the clergy?

A

It placed the church under government control

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13
Q

Who were the non-juring clergy?

A

Those that were against the civil constitution of the clergy

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14
Q

What was the Tennis Court oath?

A

Pledged to write a new constitution for France

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15
Q

What was an immediate cause of the French Revolution?

A

Sudden worsening of living conditions due to the bad harvest of 1789

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16
Q

What was a fundamental cause of the French Revolution?

A

Channing attitudes of the people toward government

17
Q

Who were some powerful Jacobins?

A

Georges Jacque Danton, Maximilian Robespierre, Paul Morat

18
Q

Who did the Jacobins wage war with?

A

Austria and Prussia

19
Q

What countries bounded together to stop France?

A

England, Spain, Netherlands, Austria-Prussia

20
Q

Why did Napoleon invade Egypt?

A

France needed a base to attack Britain in India

21
Q

Because of the French Revolution, what happened to the Catholic Church in France?

A

It had its power limited

22
Q

What were Plebiscile?

A

Yes or no votes

23
Q

The Committee of Public Safety (Reign of Terror) ruled with what kind of power?

A

Unlimited power

24
Q

Why was France the first country to have a revolution

A

The middle class was more advanced than in other countries

25
Q

What happened on July 14, 1789 (Bastille Day)?

A

A mob stormed a prison looking for gunpowder

26
Q

What document stated that “men are born and remain free and equal in rights.”?

A

Declaration of the Rights of Man

27
Q

Waterloo, St. Helena, and Elba are all places associate with what?

A

Napoleons downfall

28
Q

Napoleons downfall was a result of what?

A

His disastrous invasion of Russia

29
Q

What were the correct titles in which Napoleon rose to power?

A

General, First Consul, Emperor

30
Q

How did Napoleon get his power?

A

Through a coup d’état

31
Q

When did the French reform the government?

A

After the French started to kill radicals.

32
Q

What were three major principles?

A

Principle of legitimacy,
Principle of compensation
Contempt for democracy and nationalism

33
Q

Five major nations in the congress of Vienna?

A

England, Russia, Prussia, France and Austria

34
Q

What was the Russian campaign of 1812?

A

Russian invasion by Napoleon, defeated by general winter

35
Q

What was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?

A

Church lands given to peasants

Priests who did not agree were non-juring clergy and were killed

36
Q

How did the National Convention reform the government?

A 
After killing the jacobins, they made:
A single code of laws
Abolished imprisonment for debt
Abolished slavery
Established the metric system
Set up the national system of education
37
Q

What was the Peninsular War?

A

Portugal and Spain defeated France

38
Q

What were some things in Napoleons code?

A

Equal treatment before law
Abolished serfdom and feudalism
Trial by jury

39
Q

Who started the Reign of Terror?

A

The Committee of Public Safety

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