Theological Terms, Grouped Flashcards
concomitance
—n
1. existence or occurrence together or in connection with another.
- Theology: the doctrine that the body and blood of Christ are present in the Eucharist (wafer)
from com- “with, together” (see com-) + comitari “join as a companion.”
consubstantiation
—n
The doctrine that after the consecration of the Eucharist the substance of the body and blood of Christ coexists within the substance of the consecrated bread and wine.
from con- “with” + substantia- “substance”
transubstantiation
—n
The doctrine that the whole substance of the bread and wine changes into the substance of the body and blood of Christ when consecrated in the Eucharist
From L. trans- “across” + substantiare “to substantiate,” from substania “substance”
Apocrypha
—n
The 14 books included as an appendix to the Old Testament in the Septuagint and the Vulgate but not included in the Hebrew canon. They are not printed in Protestant versions of the Bible.
Latin, apocrypha- “hidden” from Greek, apokruptein- “to hide away”
The entire list of books of the apocrypha are: 1 Esdras, 2 Esdras, Tobit, Judith, the Rest of Esther, the Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach, (also titled Ecclesiasticus), Barach, The Letter of Jeremiah, Song of the Three Young Men, Susanna, Bel and the Dragon, The Additions to Daniel, The Prayer of Manasseh, and 1 and 2 Maccabees.
The books accepted as inspired and included in the Catholic Bible are Tobit, Judith, 1 and 2 Maccabees, Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach (also known as Ecclesiasticus), and Baruch.
The early church father Jerome first used this term in the fourth century to address a collection of books written between 300 BC and AD 100. These fourteen books were rejected by the Jews as not being inspired, and thus excluded from the Hebrew Old Testament. It was not until the sixteenth-century AD that the apocryphal writings received official recognition by the Roman Catholic Church as being equal to Scripture. However, Protestant churches as a whole, like the Jews, reject the inspiration of the Apocrypha.
Pseudepigrapha
-pl n
Certain writings (other than the canonical books and the Apocrypha) from the first century bc to the first century ad that claim to have been divinely revealed but which have been excluded from the Greek canon of the Old Testament.
Technically a pseudepigraphon is a book written in a biblical style which is ascribed to an author who did not write it. TheIn common usage, however, the term pseudepigrapha is often used by way of distinction to refer to apocryphal writings which do not appear in printed editions of the Bible.
Talmud
—n
1. the primary source of Jewish religious law, consisting of the Mishnah and the Gemara
- either of two recensions of this compilation, the Palestinian Talmud of about 375 ad, or the longer and more important Babylonian Talmud of about 500 ad.
from Hebrew talmūdh, literally: instruction, from lāmadh to learn
Mishnah
—n pl Mishnayoth
The collection of oral laws compiled about a.d. 200 by Rabbi Judah ha-Nasi and forming the basic part of the Talmud.
from Hebrew: instruction by repetition, from shānāh to repeat.
Gemara
—n
the main body of the Talmud, consisting of a record of ancient rabbinical debates about the interpretation of the Mishna and constituting the primary source of Jewish religious law
from Aramaic, gemārā- “completion”, from gemār- “to complete”
Targum
-n
an Aramaic translation, usually in the form of an expanded paraphrase, of various books or sections of the Old Testament
from Aramaic, “interpretation”
Nicene Creed
- the formal summary of Christian beliefs promulgated at the first council of Nicaea in 325 ad
- a longer formulation of Christian beliefs authorized at the council of Constantinople in 381, and now used in most Christian liturgies
Apostles Creed
A creed, dating back to about a.d. 400, traditionally ascribed to Christ’s apostles and having widespread acceptance in the Christian church. It begins “I believe in God the Father Almighty…”
Council of Trent
The council of the Roman Catholic Church that met between 1545 and 1563 at Trent in S Tyrol. Reacting against the Protestants, it reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs and formulated the ideals of the Counter-Reformation.
Zurich Agreement
The Zurich Agreement was a pact made in 1549 by John Calvin and Heinrich Bullinger, Zwingli’s successor, the result of which was an increased unity between the two largest Reformed Churches in Switzerland. The document contained 26 articles, affirmed that Christ was present spiritually in Communion via the Holy Spirit and is foundational to the Reformed understanding of sacraments.
amillennialism
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annihilationism
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millennialism
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postmillennialism
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premillennialism
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ecumenicism
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ecumenism
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federal theology
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dispensationalism
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process theology
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dialectical theology
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hermeneutics
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homiletics
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Anabaptistica
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Anglicanism
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deism
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theism
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tritheism
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