Medical Terminology Ch 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards
1
Q
angioplasty
A
surgical procedure that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery
2
Q
angi/o
A
essel (usually blood or lymph)
3
Q
-plasty
A
surgical repair
4
Q
arteries
A
large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
5
Q
capillaries
A
microscopic blood vessels joining arterioles and venules
6
Q
congenital
A
pertaining to presence of a disorder at the time of birth, which may result from genetic or environmental causes
7
Q
metabolism
A
sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism
8
Q
myocardium
A
middle layer of the walls of heart that is composed of cardiac muscle
9
Q
my/o
A
muscle
10
Q
cardi
A
heart
11
Q
-um
A
structure, thing
12
Q
veins
A
vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart
13
Q
aneurysm/o
A
widening, widened blood vessel
14
Q
aneurysm/o/rrhaphy
A
suture (of the sac) of an aneurysm(widen area of a blood vessel due to thinking of the wall)
15
Q
-rrhaphy
A
suture
16
Q
arteri/o
A
artery
17
Q
arteri/o/scler/osis
A
hardening of an artery; disorder characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of arterial walls
18
Q
scler
A
hardening; sclera (white of eye)
19
Q
-osis
A
abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
20
Q
ather/o
A
fatty plaque
21
Q
arther/oma
A
tumor of fatty plaque; fatty degeneration or thickening of the larger arterial walls, as in atherosclerosis
22
Q
-oma
A
tumor
23
Q
atri/o
A
atrium
24
Q
atri/um
A
structure of the atrium (a cavity, such as the atrium of the heart)
25
-um
structure, thing
26
cardi/o
heart
27
cari/o/megaly
enlargement of the heart
28
-megaly
enlargement
29
coron/o
heart
30
coron/ary
pertaining to the heart
31
-ary
pertaining to
32
phleb/o
vein
33
phleb/itis
inflammation of the vein
34
-itis
inflammation
35
ven/o
vein
36
ven/ous
pertaining to the veins or blood passing through them
37
-ous
pertaining to
38
thromb/o
blood clot
39
thromb/o/lysis
destruction or breaking up of a thrombus (blood clot)
40
-lysis
separation; destruction; loosening
41
varic/o
dilated vein
42
varic/ose
pertaining to a dilated vein
43
-ose
pertaining to sugar
44
vas/o
vessel; vas deferens; duct
45
vas/o/spasm
involuntary contraction or spasm of a blood vessel
46
-spasm
involuntary contraction, twitching
47
vascul/o
vessel
48
vascul/ar
pertaining to or composed of blood vessels
49
-ar
pertaining to
50
ventricul/o
ventricle (of heart or brain)
51
inter/ventricul/ar
within a ventricle (of the heart)
52
inter-
between
53
-cardia
heart condition
54
tachy/cardia
rapid heart rate
55
tachy-
rapid
56
-gram
record, writing
57
electr/o/cardi/o/gram
record of electrical activity of the heart
58
electr/o
electricity
59
-graph
instrument for recording
60
electro/o/cardi/o/graph
instrument for recording electrical activity of the heart
61
-graphy
process of recording
62
angi/o/graphy
process of recording the heart and blood vessels
63
-stenosis
narrowing, stricture
64
aort/o/stenosis
narrowing of the aorta
65
aort/o
aorta
66
brady-
slow
67
bardy/cardi/ac
pertaining to a slow heart rate
68
-ac
pertaining to
69
endo-
in, within
70
endo/cardi/um
structure (serous membrane that lines the interior of the heart) within the heart
71
epi-
above, upon
72
epi/cardi/um
structure (outermost layer of the heart) above the heart
73
peri-
around
74
peri/cardi/um
structure (fibrous sac) around the heart
75
tumor of fatty plaque
atheroma
76
hardening of fatty plaque
atherosclerosis
77
inflammation of a vein (wall)
phlebitis
78
abnormal condition of a blood clot in a vein
phlebothrombosis
79
pertaining to a vein
venous
80
spasm of a vein
venospasm
81
specialist in the study of the heart
cardiologist
82
instrument for recording the electrical activity of the heart
electrocardiograph
83
enlargement of the heart
cardiomegaly or megalocardia
84
disease of blood vessels
angiopathy
85
tumor of a vessel
angioma
86
narrowing of the aorta
aortostenosis
87
stricture of an artery
arteriostenosis
88
rapid heart rate
tachycardia
89
slow heart rate
bradycardia
90
aneurysm
localized dilation of a blood vessel wall (usually an artery) due to a congenital defect or weakeness in the vessel wall
91
angina pectoris
mild to severe pain or pressure in the best caused by ischemia; AKA angina
92
arrhythmia
irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also calle dhysrhythmia
93
a-
without, not
94
rrhythm
rhythm
95
-ia
condition
96
fibrillation
irregular, random contraction of heart fibers that commonly occurs in the atria or ventricles of the heart and is usually described by the part that is contracting abnormally, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation
97
arteriosclerosis
thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; also called hardening of the arteries
98
atherosclerosis
most common form of arteriosclerosis caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls, resulting in partial and, eventually, total blockage
99
bruit
soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow; any of several generally abnormal sounds heard on auscultation
100
embolus
mass of undissolved matter (commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque, or air bubble) that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel
101
embol
embolus (plug)
102
heart block
disease of the electrical system of the heart, which controls activity of heart muscle
103
heart block: 1st degree
atrioventricular (AV) block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles
104
heart block: 2nd degree
AV block in which only some atrial electrical impulses are conducted to the ventricles
105
heart block: 3rd degree
AV block in which no electrical impulses reach the ventricles; also called complete heart block (CHB)
106
heart failure (HF)
condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirement of body tissues; formerly called congestive heart failure (CHF)
107
hypertension (HTN)
consistently elevated blood pressure, causing damage to the blood vessels and, ultimately, the heart
108
hyper
excessive, above normal
109
-tension
to stretch
110
ischemia
inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part due to an interruption of blood flow
111
isch
to hold back
112
-emia
blood
113
mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
structural abnormality in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve does not close completely, resulting in a backflow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction
114
murmur
abnormal sound heard on auscultation caused by defects in the valves or chambers of the heart
115
myocardial infarction (MI)
necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; also called heart attack
116
patent ductus arteriosus
failure of the ductus arteriosus (which connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch in a fetus) to close before birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta
117
Raynaud disease
severe, sudden vasoconstriction and spasm in fingers and toes followed by cyanosis after exposure to cold temperature or emotional stress; also called Raynaud phenomenon
118
rheumatic heart disease
streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults
119
stroke
damage to part of the brain due to interruption of its blood supply caused by bleeding within brain tissue or, more commonly, blockage of an artery; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
120
thrombus
a stationary blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart, commonly causing vascular obstruction; also called blood clot
121
thromb
blood clot
122
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most commonly in the iliac and femoral veins
123
thromb-
blood clot
124
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted but does not cause permanent brain damage and may be a warning sign of a more serious and debilitating stroke in the future; also called ministroke
125
cardiac catherterization
insertion of a small tube (catheter) through an incision into a large vein, usually of an arm (brachial approach) or leg (femoral approach), that is then threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart
126
cardiac enzyme studies
battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage
127
echocardiography
ultrasound technique used to image the heart and evaluate how the heart's chambers and valves are working and to diagnose and detect pathological conditions
128
echo-
repeating sound
129
electrocardiography
creation and study of graphic recordings (electrocardiograms) produced by electric activity generated by the heart muscle; also called cardiography
130
Holter monitor
monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings (usually 24 hours) on a portable tape recorder while the patient conducts normal daily activites
131
stress test
electrocardiography (ECG) taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (typically using a treadmill) while measuring oxygen consumption
132
nuclear
ECG that utilizes a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow
133
troponin I
blood test that measures protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscle (not skeletal) and is highly sensitive, specific indicator of recent myocardial infarction (MI)
134
angioplasty
surgery that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery
135
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
angioplasty in which peripheral vein are removed and each end of the vein is sutured onto the coronary artery to create new routes around narrowed and blocked arteries, allowing sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.
136
cardioversion
restoration of normal heart rhythm by applying an electrical counter shock to the chest using a device called a defibrillator; also called defibrillation
137
-version
turning
138
defibrillator
device used to administer a defibrillating electric shock to restore normal heart rhythm
139
automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD)
surgically implanted electrical device that automatically detects and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias by delivering low-energy shocks to the heart; also called implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
140
automatic external defibrillator (AED)
portable computerized device that analyzes the patient's heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest
141
endarterectomy
surgical removal of the lining of an artery
142
carotid endarterectomy
removal of plaque (atherosclerosis) and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery to reduce the risk of stroke
143
endovenous laser therapy (EVLT)
treatment of large varicose veins in the legs in which a laser fiber is inserted directly into the affected vein to heat the lining within the vein, causing it to collapse, shrink, and eventually disappear; also called endovenous laser ablation (EVLA)
144
sclerotherapy
chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein
145
scler/o
hardening; sclera (white of eye)
146
-therapy
treatment
147
valvuloplasty
insertion of balloon catheter in a blood vessel in the groin through the aorta and into the heart to widen a stenotic (stiffened) heart valve and increase blood flow; also called percutaneous valvuloplasty
148
anticoagulants
prevents the clotting or coagulation of blood
149
beta blockers
slow the heart rate and reduce the force with which the heart muscle contracts, thereby lowering blood pressure
150
nitrates
relieve chest pain associated with angina and ease symptoms of heart failure (HF)
151
statins
reduce cholesterol levels in the blood and block production of an enzyme in the liver that produces cholesterol
152
thrombolytics
dissolve blood clots in a process known as thrombolysis
153
are swollen, distended veins most commonly seen in the lower legs
varicose veins
154
means irregular, random contraction of heart fibers
fibrillation
155
are drugs used to dissolve a blood clot
thrombolytics
156
is a mass of undissolved matter that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel
embolus
157
is a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirement of body tissues
HF
158
refers to formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body
DVT
159
refers to blood pressure that is consistently higher than normal
HTN
160
is irregularity or loss of heart rhythm
arrhythmia
161
is an agent that reduces cholesterol levels in the blood and blocks production of cholesterol in the liver
statin
162
is a soft blowing sound caused by turbulent blood flow
bruit
163
refers to partial brain damage due to interruption of its blood supply, commonly caused by blockage of an artery
stroke
164
is a streptococcal infection that causes damage to heart valves and heart muscle
rheumatic heart disease
165
is a device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings, usually for 24 hours, on a portable tape
Holter moniter
166
is numbness in fingers or toes due to intermittent constriction of arterioles in the skin
Raynaud disease
167
is the excision of the lining of an artery
endarterectomy
168
AED
automatic external defibrillator
169
AICD
automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
170
ASHD
arteriosclerotic heart disease
171
BP
blood pressure
172
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
173
CAD
coronary artery disease
174
CV
cardiovascular
175
CVA
cerebrovascular accident; costovertebral angle
176
DVT
deep vein thrombosis; deep venous thrombosis
177
ECHO
echocardiogram; echocardiography; echoencephalogram; echoencephalography
178
ECG, EKG
electrocardiogram; electrocardiography
179
EVLA
endovenous laser ablation; endoluminal laser ablation
180
EVLT
endovenous laser therapy; endoluminal laser therapy
181
HDL
high-density lipoprotein
182
HF
heart failure
183
HTN
hypertension
184
ICD
implantable cardioventer-defibrillator
185
MI
myocardial infarction
186
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
187
RV
right ventricle
188
SVC
superior vena cava
189
TIA
transient ischemic attack
190
apnea
lack of breathing
191
desiccated
to dry up
192
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
193
EKG
creation and study of graphic recordings (electrocardiograms) produced by electric activity generated by the heart muscle, also called cardiography
194
malaise
an indefinite feeling of debility or lack of health often indicative of or accompanying the onset of an illness
195
myocardial infarction
heart attack
196
ST segment-T wave
T wave represents the repolarization (or recovery) of the ventricles
197
thyroidectomy
surgical excision of thyroid gland tissue
198
-pnea
breathing
199
temporary cessation of breathing
apnea
200
occurring after an operation
postoperative
201
feeling of apprehension, worry, uneasiness, or dread
anxiety
202
inflammation of the thyroid gland
thyroiditis
203
fainting
syncope
204
dried up
desiccated
205
extremely rapid, incomplete contractions of the chambers of the heart
fibrillation
206
discomfort or indisposition, commonly indicating infection
malaise
207
tachycardia that originates with the SA node
sinus tachycardia
208
abbreviation for a test that provides a recording of electrical impulses of the heart
EKG
209
difficult breathing
dyspnea
210
abbreviation for metric unit of one one-thousandth of a gram
mg
211
provides nonsurgical treatment to detect, prevent, and treat heart and vascular disease
cardiologist
212
a small artery is called______
arteriole
213
an endovascular procedure that reopens a narrowed, blocked vessel by balloon dilation is called______
angioplasty
214
to reduce plaque build up in arteries and lower blood cholesterol levels, the cardiologist prescribes a drug called a_____
statin
215
the valve that contains three leaflets is the_____
tricuspid valve
216
without CV circulation, body tissues are deprived of nutrients and________
oxygen
217
disorder characterized by thickening and calcification of arterial walls is _______
arteriosclerosis
218
a patient with an enlarged heart suffers from______
cardiomegaly
219
the diagnosis of inflammation of a vein is charted as_______
phlebitis
220
a drug that treats chest pain associated with angina is called________
nitrate
221
decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ is called_______
ischemia
222
when performing an angiogram, the surgeon notes a narrowing of an artery, which is charted as_______
arteriostenosis
223
a widened, stretched out portion of a blood vessel that forms a bulge is called ______
aneurysm
224
a patient arrives at the emergency room with a rapid heart rate, a condition called______
tachycardia
225
when heart tissue dies as a result of lack of oxygen, the patient has suffered a________
MI
