Chapter 1: Introduction Flashcards
1
Q
Suffix
A
word element placed at the end of a word that changes the meaning of the word
2
Q
Prefix
A
a word element attached to the beginning of a word or word root
3
Q
pre- means
A
before
4
Q
basic components of words (3)
A
word root, suffix, combining form, and prefix
5
Q
combining form
A
arthr/o
6
Q
combining vowels
A
o and “i”
7
Q
post- means
A
after
8
Q
suffix -itis
A
inflammation
9
Q
gastr means
A
stomach
10
Q
location of prefixes
A
beginning of a word
11
Q
location of suffixes
A
end of a word
12
Q
word root
A
foundation of a word, such as cardi and arthr
13
Q
The 4 elements used to form medical words are
A
root, combining form, suffix, and prefix
14
Q
A root is the main part or foundation of a word. In the words arthritis, arthroma, and artroscope, the root is:
A
arthr
15
Q
What is the usual combining vowel?
A
o
16
Q
A word root links a suffix that begins with a _______.
A
vowel
17
Q
A combining vowel links ________ roots to each other
A
multiple
18
Q
A combining form links a suffix that begins with a _______.
A
consonant.
19
Q
Whenever a prefix stands alone it will be followed by a _________.
A
hyphen
20
Q
In the term intramuscular, intra- is the ________.
A
prefix
21
Q
nephritis
A
inflammation of the kidneys
22
Q
arthrodesis
A
fixation of a joint
23
Q
nephr-
A
Kidney
24
Q
-desis
A
fixation or binding
25
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
26
derm-
skin
27
arthrocentesis
surgical puncture of a joint
28
-centesis
surgical puncture
29
gastrectomy
excision of the stomach
30
hepat/o
liver
31
arthr-
joint
32
oste/o
bone
33
cholangi/o
bile vessel
34
RULE #1
a word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel
35
RULE #2
a combining form (root+o) links a suffix that begins with a consonant
36
RULE #3
a combining vowel links a root to another root to form a compound word.
37
append-
appendix
38
-ectomy
excision, removal
39
gastr-
stomach
40
-itis
inflammation
41
colon/o OR -col-
colon
42
-scope
instrument for examining
43
-enter-
intestine (usually small intestine)
44
chondr
cartilage
45
Mast/ectomy
excision of a breast
46
mast-
breast
47
tonsil/itis
inflammation of the tonsil
48
colon/o/scope
instrument to examine the colon
49
oste/o/malacia
softening of a bone
50
-malacia
softening of the
51
post/nat/al
the period after birth
52
arthr/o/centesis
a surgical puncture of a joint
53
arthr/o/pathy
disease of the joints
54
a prefix that means before is
pre-
55
the combining form for stomach is
gastr/o
56
the suffix for disease is
-pathy
57
the combining form for breast is
mast/o
58
the suffix that means instrument to examine is
-scope
59
the combining form append/o refers to
appendix
60
gastro/enter/itis
is an inflammation of the stomach and the (small) intestine
61
the suffix for surgical puncture is
-centesis
62
col/itis
inflammation of colon
63
gastr/o/scope
instrument for examining the stomach
64
hepat/itis
inflammation of the liver
65
pre/nat/al
pertaining to the period before birth
66
tonsil/ectomy
excision of the tonsils
67
tonsill/itis
inflammation of the tonsils
68
Rule applied and summary: append/ectomy
1: A WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel
69
Rule applied and summary: arthr/o/centesis
2: A CF links a suffix that begins with a consonant
70
Rule applied and summary: col/ectomy
1: A WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel
71
Rule applied and summary: colon/o/scope
2: A CF links a suffix that begins with a consonant
72
Rule applied and summary: gastr/itis
1: A WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel
73
Rule applied and summary: gastr/o/enter/o/col/itis
3,1: A CF links multiple roots to each other. This rule holds true even if the next word root begins with a vowel. A WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel.
74
Rule applied and summary: arthr/o/pathy
2: A CF links a suffix that begins with a consonant
75
Rule applied and summary: oste/o/arthr/itis
3,1: A CF links multiple roots to each other. This rule holds true even if the next word root begins with a vowel. A WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel
76
Rule applied and summary: oste/o/chondr/itis
3,1: A CF links multiple roots to each other. This rule hold true even if the next word root begins with a vowel. A WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel.
77
The diacritical mark "¯" is called
macron
78
The diacritical mark "µ" is called
breve
79
The ¯ indicated the ___________ sound of vowels.
long
80
The µ indicated the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_sound of vowels.
short
81
The combination ch is sometimes pronounced like\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. ie cholesterol, cholemia
k
82
When pn is a the beginning of a word, it is pronouced only with the sound of \_\_\_. ie pneumonia, pneumotoxin.
n
83
when pn is in the middle of a word, the p (is/isn't) pronounced. ie ortheopnea, hyperpnea.
is
84
when i is at the end of a word, it is pronounced like (eye, ee)
eye
85
For ae and oe, only the (first, second) vowel is pronounced. ie bursae, pleurae
second
86
when e and es from the final letters of a word, they are commonly pronounced as (combined, separate) syllables. ie syncope, systole, nares.
seperate
87
What is the plural and rule of: sarcoma
sarcomata: retain the ma and add ta
88
What is the plural and rule of: thrombus
thrombi: drop us and add i
89
What is the plural and rule of: appendix
appendices: drop ix and add ices
90
What is the plural and rule of: diverticulum
diverticula: drop um and add a
91
What is the plural and rule of: ovary
ovaries: drop y and add ies.
92
What is the plural and rule of: diagnosis
diagnoses: drop is and add es.
93
What is the plural and rule of: lumen
lumina: drop en and add ina
94
What is the plural and rule of: vertbra
vertebrae: retain and a and add e
95
What is the plural and rule of: thorax
thoraces: drop the x and add ces
96
What is the plural and rule of: spermatozoon
spermatozoa: drop on and add a
97
oste/o/clasis
surgical breaking or fracture of a bone to correct a deformity AKA osteoclasia
98
-clasis
surgical breaking or fracturing
99
arthr/o/desis
binding or fixation of a joint
100
apprend/ectomy
excision or removal of the appendix
101
thromb/o/lysis
separation, destruction, or loosening of a blood clot
102
thromb-
blood clot
103
-lysis
separation, destruction, or loosening
104
mast/o/pexy
surgical fixation of the breasts
105
-pexy
surgical fixation
106
rhino/o/plasty
surgical repair of the nose
107
-plasty
surgical repair of
108
my/o/rrhaphy
suture of the muscle
109
my/o
muscle
110
-rrhaphy
suture
111
trache/o/stomy
forming an opening into the trachea
112
trache/o
trachea
113
-stomy
forming an opening
114
oste/o/tome
instrument to cut bone
115
-tome
instrument to cut
116
trache/o/tomy
incision of the trachea
117
-tomy
incision
118
lith/o/tripsy
crushing a stone or calculus
119
-tripsy
crushing of a
120
lith/o
stone or calculus
121
electr/o/cardi/o/gram
record of electrical activity of the heart
122
elect/o
electrical
123
cardi/o
heart
124
-gram
record of
125
cardi/o/graph
instrument to record electrical activity of the heart
126
-graph
instrument to record
127
angi/o/graphy
process of recording images of blood vessels (recording images of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium)
128
angi/o
blood vessel
129
-graphy
process of recording images of
130
pelv/i/meter
instrument for measuring the pelvis
131
pelv/i
pelvis
132
-meter
instrument for measuring
133
pelv/i/metry
act of measuring the pelvis
134
-metry
act of measuring
135
endo/scope
instrument for examining within (inside a hollow organ or cavity)
136
endo-
within (inside a hollow organ or cavity)
137
endo/scopy
visual examination within
138
-scopy
visual examination
139
neur/algia
pain in a nerve; pain along the path of a nerve
140
neur-
nerve
141
-algia
pain
142
ot/o/dynia
pain in the ear
143
ot/o
ear
144
-dynia
pain in
145
hepat/o/cele
hernia or swelling of the liver
146
-cele
hernia or swelling of
147
bronchi/ectasis
dilation or expansion of a bronchus or bronchi
148
bronchi
bronchus
149
-ectasis
dilation or expansion of
150
lymph/edema
swelling of lymph tissue (tissue fluid)
151
lymph
lymph tissue
152
-edema
swelling of
153
hyper/emesis
excessive or above normal vomiting
154
hyper-
excessive or above normal
155
-emesis
vomiting
156
an/emia
without blood
157
an-
without, not
158
-emia
blood condition
159
chol/e/lith/iasis
presence or formation of gallstones
160
chol/e
gallbladder or common bile duct
161
lith
stone, calculus
162
iasis
presence or formation
163
gastr/itis
inflammation of the stomach
164
chol/e/lith
gallstone
165
chondr/o/malacia
softening of cartilage
166
cardi/o/megaly
enlargement of the heart
167
-megaly
enlargement of
168
neur/oma
tumor composed of nerve cells
169
-oma
tumor
170
cyan/osis
abnormal condition of blueness
171
cyan-
blueness
172
-osis
abnormal condition; increase
173
my/o/pathy
disease of muscle
174
-pathy
disease of the
175
erythr/o/penia
abnormal decrease or deficiency in red (rbc)
176
-penia
abnormal decrease or deficiency
177
erythr/o
red (rbc)
178
hem/o/phobia
fear of blood
179
-phobia
fear of
180
hem/o
blood
181
hemi/plegia
paralysis of one half (paralysis of one side of the body)
182
-plegia
paralysis of
183
hemi/
one half
184
hem/o/rrhage
bursting forth of blood
185
-rrhage, -rrhangia
bursting forth of (loss of large amount of)
186
men/o/rrhangia
bursting forth of menses (blood during menstruation)
187
men/o
menses (blood during menstruation)
188
-rrhangia
bursting forth of ( profuse discharge of)
189
dia/rrhea
discharge or flow through (frequent discharge or flow of fluid fecal matter from the bowel)
190
dia-
through, across
191
-rrhea
discharge, flow
192
arteri/o/rrhexis
rupture of an artery
193
-rrhexis
rupture of the
194
arteri/o
artery
195
arteri/o/stenosis
narrowing or stricture of an artery
196
-stenosis
narrowing or stricture of
197
hepat/o/toxic
poisonous or toxic to the liver
198
-toxic
poisonous or toxic to the
199
dys/trophy
bad development or nourishment (abnormal condition caused by defective nutrition or metabolism)
200
-trophy
nourishment, development
201
a/mast/ia
without a breast
202
a-/an-
without
203
-ia
condition
204
/mast/
breast
205
an/esthesia
without feeling
206
circum/duction
act of leading around (movement of an extremity in a circular direction)
207
circum-
around
208
-duction
act of leading, bringing, conducting
209
peri/odont/al
pertaining to around a tooth
210
peri-
around
211
odont
teeth
212
-al
pertaining to
213
dia/therm/y
process of generating heat through (some part of the body)
214
therma
heat
215
y
condition, process
216
trans/vagin/al
pertaining to through or across the vagina
217
trans-
through, across
218
vagin
vagina
219
dipl/opia
double vision
220
dipl-/diplo
double
221
-opia
vision
222
diplo/bacteri/al
pertaining to a paired bacteria
223
bacteri
bacteria
224
dys/phonia
difficulty in speaking
225
dys-
bad, painful, difficult
226
-phonia
voice
227
endo/crine
secrete within
228
-crine
secrete
229
intra/muscul/ar
pertaining to within the muscle
230
intra-
in, within
231
muscul
muscle
232
-ar
pertaining to
233
homo/graft
transplantation of same (tissue between the same species)
234
homo-
same
235
-graft
transplantation
236
-plasia
formation, growth
237
homeo/plasia
formation or growth of new tissue similar to that already existing in a part
238
hypo/derm/ic
pertaining to under the skin
239
hypo-
under, below, deficient
240
derm
skin
241
-ic
pertaining to
242
macro/cyte
abnormally large erythroctye, such as those found in pernicious anemia
243
macro-
large
244
-cyte
cell
245
micro/scope
instrument for examining small objects
246
micro-
small
247
mono/therapy
one treatment
248
mono-
one
249
-therapy
treatment
250
uni/nucle/ar
pertaining to one nucleus
251
uni-
one
252
nucle
nucleus
253
post-
after, behind
254
nat
birth
255
pre-
before, in front of
256
pro/gnosis
before knowing (prediction of the course and end of a disease and the estimated chance of recovery)
257
pro-
before, in front of
258
-gnosis
knowing
259
primi/gravida
woman pregnant for the first time
260
primi-
first
261
-gravida
pregnant woman
262
retro/version
turning backward (tipping backward of an organ, such as the uterus, from its normal position)
263
retro-
backward, behind
264
-version
turning
265
super/ior
pertaining to upper or above (toward the head or upper portion of a structure)
266
super-
upper, above
267
-ior
pertaining to
268
Plural of word ending in "on"
drop "on" and add "a"
269
Plural of word ending in "ax"
drop "x" and add "ces"
270
Plural of word ending in "bra"
drop "a" and add "e"
271
Plural of word ending in "men"
drop "en" and add "ina"
272
Plural of word ending in "osis"
drop "is" and add "es"
273
Plural of word ending in "ary"
drop "y" and add "ies"
274
Plural of word ending in "culum"
drop the "um" and add "a"
275
Plural of word ending in "dix"
drop the " ix" and add "ices"
276
Plural of word ending in "bus"
drop the "us" and add "i"
277
Plural of word ending in "oma"
drop the "ma" and add "ta"
