Medical Terminology Ch 2: Body Structure Flashcards
(211 cards)
1
Q
anterior
A
toward the front of the body, organ, or structure
2
Q
anter-
A
anterior, front
3
Q
-ior
A
pertaining to
4
Q
anteroposterior
A
pertaining to the front and back of the body or passing from the front to the back of the body
5
Q
inferior
A
pertaining to below, lower, or toward the tail
6
Q
infer-
A
lower, below
7
Q
scan
A
process of using a moving device or a sweeping beam of radiation to produce images of an internal area, organ, or tissue of the body
8
Q
Levels of organization from the least to most complex(5):
A
cellular, tissue, organ, system, and organism level
9
Q
What is the anatomical position(4)
A
1-stands erect 2- eyes looking straight ahead 3-arms are at the sides with palms turned forward 4- feet are parallel and flat on the floor
10
Q
Adduction
A
movement toward the midline of the body
11
Q
Abduction
A
movement away from the midline of the body
12
Q
Superior (cephalic, cranial)
A
above or higher; toward the head
13
Q
cepahlic
A
above or higher; toward the head
14
Q
cranial
A
above or higher; toward the head
15
Q
inferior (caudal)
A
below or lower; toward the tail
16
Q
caudal
A
below or lower; toward the tail
17
Q
anterior (ventral)
A
front of the body; toward the front
18
Q
ventral
A
front of the body; toward the front
19
Q
posterior (dorsal)
A
back of the body; toward the back
20
Q
dorsal
A
back of the body; toward the back
21
Q
medial
A
pertaining to the middle; toward the midline
22
Q
lateral
A
pertaining to the side; toward the side
23
Q
external
A
outside, exterior to
24
Q
internal
A
within, interior to
25
superficial
toward or on the surface
26
deep
away from the surface
27
proximal
near the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure
28
distal
farther from the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure
29
parietal
pertaining to the outer wall of a cavity
30
visceral
pertaining to the organs within a cavity
31
plane
imaginary flat surface that separates two portions of the body or organ
32
anteropostier
frontal (coronal) plan
33
median plane
vertical plane that passes through the midline of the body and divides the body or organ into equal right and left sides AKA midsagittal plane
34
frontal plane
plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions AKA coronal plane
35
horizontal plane
plane that separates the body into superior and inferior portions AKA transverse plane
36
RUQ right upper quadrant(5)
contains the right lobe of the liver, the gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large inst.
37
RLQ right lower quadrant(6)
contains part of the small and large int, the appendix, the right ovary, the right fallopian tube, and the right ureter
38
LUQ left upper quadrant(6)
contains the left lobe of the liver, the stomach, the spleen, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large inst.
39
LLQ left lower quadrant(5)
contains part of the small and large inst., the left ovary, the left fallopian tube, and the left ureter.
40
Nine regions of the abdomen arrangement:
1. 7. 2.
41
1. Right hypochondriac
upper right region located under the cartilage of the ribs
42
2. Left hypochondriac
upper left region located under the cartilage of the ribs
43
3. Right lumbar
middle right region located near the waist
44
4. Left lumbar
middle left region located near the waist
45
5. Right iliac
lower right region located near the groin AKA Right inguinal region
46
6. Left iliac
lower left region located near the groin AKA Left inguinal region
47
7. Epigastric
middle region located above the stomach
48
8. Umbilical
middle region located in the area of the umbilicus, or navel
49
9. Hypogastric
lower middle region located below the stomach and umbilical region
50
Knee-chest position
patient is assisted into kneeling position with the buttocks elevated. The head and chest are on the table, and the arms are extended above the head and flexed at the elbow. This position facilitates examination of the rectum.
51
Lithotomy position
Patient is assisted into a supine (laying on the back) position. The legs are sharply flexed at the knees, and the feet are placed in stirrups. This position is used for vaginal examination and the Papanicolaou (Pap) test
52
Dorsal recumbent position
patient is assisted into a supine (laying on the back) position. The legs are sharply flexed at the knees, and the feet are placed on the table. This position is used to examine the vagina and rectum in the female and the rectum in the male.
53
Sims position
Patient is assisted into a side-lying position on the left side. The left arm is placed behind the body and the right arm is moved forward and flexed at the elbow. Both legs are flexed at the knee, but the right leg is sharply flexed and positioned next to the left leg, which is slightly flexed. This position is used to examine the vagina and rectum in the female and the rectum in the male. Sims position is used to administer an enema.
54
Prone position
patient is assisted to lie flat on the abdomen with the head turned slightly to the side. The arms are extended above the head or alongside the body. Prone position in used to examine the back, spine, and lower extremities.
55
Fowler position
Patient is assisted into a semi-sitting position. The head of the examination table is tilted to produce a 45-60 degree angle with patient's knees bent or not bent. An angle of 45 degrees or more is considered HIGH Fowler position; and angle of approximately 30 degrees is considered SEMI-Fowler position. This position promotes lung expansion. It is used if the patient has difficulty breathing.
56
Supine position
Patient is assisted to lie flat on their back with arms at the sides. This position is used to examine the chest, heart, abdomen, and extremities. It is also used to examine the head and neck as well as in certain neurologic reflex testing.
57
abdomin/o
abdomen
58
abdomin/al
pertaining to the abdomen
59
/al
pertaining to
60
caud/o
tail
61
caudo/ad
toward the tail
62
-ad
toward
63
cephal/ad
toward the head
64
cephal/
head
65
cervic/al
pertaining to the neck of the body or the neck of the uterus
66
crani/al
pertaining to the cranium or skull
67
gastr/ic
pertaining to the stomach
68
-ic
pertaining to the
69
-al
pertaining to the
70
ili/ac
pertaining to the ilium
71
-ac
pertaining to the
72
ingiun/al
pertaining to the groin
73
lumb/ar
pertaining to the loins or lower back
74
pelv/i/meter
instrument for measuring the pelvis
75
pelv/ic
pertaining to the pelvis
76
spin/al
pertaining to the spine or spinal column
77
thorac/ic
pertaining to the chest
78
umbilic/al
pertaining to the umbilicus or navel
79
anter/ior
pertaining to the front of the body, an organ, or a structure
80
dist/al
pertaining to a point farthest from the center, a medial line, or the trunk; opposite of proximal
81
dors/al
pertaining to the back or posterior
82
infer/ior
pertaining to below or lower; toward the tail
83
later/al
pertaining to the side
84
medi/al
pertaining to the middle
85
poster/ior
pertaining to back or posterior side
86
proxim/al
nearest the point of attachment, center of the body, or point of reference
87
super/ior
pertaining to above or higher; toward the head
88
ventr/al
pertaining to the belly side or front
89
cty/o/meter
instrument for counting and measuring cells
90
hist/o/lysis
separation, destruction, or disintegration of tissue
91
nucle/ar
pertaining to a nucleus
92
radi/o/graphy
process of recording an x-ray
93
radi/o
radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on the thumb side)
94
hist/o
tissue
95
cyt/o
cell
96
medi/ad
toward the middle or center
97
coron/al
pertaining to the heart
98
cost/algia
pain in the ribs
99
thorac/o/dynia
pain in the chest
100
path/o/gen
forming, producing, or origin of a disease
101
carcin/o/genesis
forming, producing, or origin of cancer
102
hist/o/logist
specialist in study of tissues
103
eti/o/logy
study of the causes of disease
104
cyt/o/lysis
destruction, dissolution, or separation of a cell
105
therm/o/meter
instrument for measuring heat
106
hyper/plasia
excessive growth of tissue
107
hepat/o/toxic
pertaining to poison in the liver
108
bi/lateral/al
pertaining to or affecting two sides
109
epi/gastr/ic
pertaining to above or on the stomach
110
infra/cost/al
pertaining to below or under the ribs
111
trans/vagin/al
pertaining to or across the vagina
112
-algia
pain
113
-dynia
pain
114
-gen
forming, producing, origin
115
-genesis
forming, producing, origin
116
-logist
specialist
117
-logy
study of
118
-lysis
separation; destruction; looening
119
-meter
instrument used to measure
120
-plasia
formation, growth
121
-toxic
poison
122
bi-
two
123
epi-
above, on
124
toward the tail
caudad
125
pertaining to the tail
caudal
126
surgical puncture of the chest
thoracocentesis
127
pertaining to the chest
thoracic
128
surgical repair of the chest
thoracoplasty
129
pertaining to the stomach
gastric
130
surgical repair of the stomach
gastroplasty
131
pertaining to the pelvis
pelvic
132
instrument to measure the pelvis
pelvimeter
133
pertaining to the abdomen
abdominal
134
surgical repair of the abdoment
abdominoplasty
135
pertaining to the cranium (skull)
cranial
136
surgical repair of the cranium (skull)
cranioplasty
137
pertaining to the middle
medial
138
toward the middle
mediad
139
study of cells
cytology
140
specialist in the study of cells
cytologist
141
destruction, dissolution, or separation of a cell
cytolysis
142
study of tissues
histology
143
specialist in the study of tissues
histologist
144
adhesion
band of scar tissue binding anatomical surfaces that are normally separate from each other
145
inflammation
protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection, or allergy
146
sepsis
body's inflammatory response to infection in which there is fever, elevated heart and respiratory rate, and low blood pressure
147
endoscopy
visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope
148
endo-
in, within
149
-scopy
visual examination
150
fluoroscopy
radiographic procedure that uses a fluorescent screen instead of a photographic plate to produce a visual image from x-rays that pass through the patient, resulting in continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images.
151
fluor/o
luminous, fluorescence
152
magnetic resonance imaging MRI
radiographic technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body.
153
nuclear scan
diagnostic technique that produces an image of an organ or area by recording the concentration of a radiopharmaceutical substance called a tracer; usually introduced into the body by ingestion, inhalation, or injection
154
radiography
production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source
155
radiopharmaceutical
drug that contains a radioactive substance, which travels to an area or a specific organ that will be scanned
156
pharmaceutic
drug, medicine
157
tomography
radiographic technique that produces a film representing a detailed cross-section of tissue structure at a predetermined depth
158
tom/o
to cut
159
positron emission tomography (PET) scan
nuclear imaging study that combines CT with radiopharmaceuticals to produce a cross-sectional image of radioactive dispersements in a section of the body to reveal the areas where the radiopharmaceutical is being metabolized and where there is a deficiency in metabolism; useful in evaluating Alzheimer disease and epilepsy
160
single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan
nuclear imaging study that scans organs after injection of a radioactive tracer and employs a specialized gamma camera that detects emitted radiation to produce a three-dimensional image from a composite of numerous views; used to show how blood flows to an organ and helps determine how well it is functioniong.
161
ultrasonography (US)
imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultra sound) that bounce off body tissue and are recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue
162
-ultra
excess, beyong
163
son/o
sound
164
CT scan
uses a narrow beam of x-rays generated multiple views of a specific organ or body area in cross-sectional images
165
fluroscopy
directs x-rays through the body to a fluorescent screen to view organs in motion, such as the digestive tract and heart
166
US
employs high-frequency sound waves to produce images of internal structures of the body
167
MRI
employs magnetic energy to produce cross-sectional imagesPET
168
PET
is a type of nuclear scan that uses radiopharmaceutical to reveal areas where the radiopharmaceutical is metabolized
169
endoscope
is a specialized lighted instrument used to view interior of organs and cavities
170
inflammation
is the body's protective response to irritation, infection, or allergy
171
SPECT
is similar to PET, but employs a specialized gamma camera that detects emitted radiation to produce a three-dimensional image
172
tomography
produces a film representing a detailed cross-section of tissue structure at a predetermined depth; three types include CT, PET, and SPECT
173
radiopharmaceutical
is a drug that contains a radioactive substance that travels to an area or a specific organ to be scanned
174
endoscopy
is a procedure to enable visualization of the interior of organs and cavities with a lighted instrument
175
nuclear scan
is an imaging technique that relies on the use of a tracer to diagnose a disease
176
adhesion
is a band of scar tissue that binds anatomical surfaces that normally are separate from each other
177
radiography
is production of shadow images on photographic film
178
sepsis
is the body's inflammation response to infection, in which there is fever, elevated heart rate and respiratory rate, and low blood pressure
179
Abbreviation: ant
anterior
180
Abbreviation: AP
anteroposterior
181
Abbreviation: Bx, bx
biopsy
182
Abbreviation: CXR
chest x-ray; cheat radiograph
183
Abbreviation: LAT, lat
lateral
184
Abbreviation: LLQ
left lower quadrant
185
Abbreviation: LUQ
left upper quadrant
186
Abbreviation: PA
posteroanterior
187
Abbreviation: RLQ
right lower quadrant
188
Abbreviation: RUQ
right upper quadrant
189
Abbreviation: Sx
symptom
190
Abbreviation: Tx
treatment
191
Abbreviation: CT
computed tomography
192
Abbreviation: CXR
cheat x-ray
193
Abbreviation: MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
194
Abbreviation: PET
positron emission tomography
195
Abbreviation: US
ultrasound
196
Abbreviation: SPECT
single photon emission computed tomography
197
Umbilical
Middle region located near the navel
198
Iliac
Pertaining to the ilium
199
Cervical
Pertaining to the neck
200
Cephalad
Toward the head
201
Cranial
pertaining to the skull
202
Epigastric
middle region located above the stomach
203
Thoracic
pertaining to the chest
204
Inguinal
Pertaining to the groin
205
Anterior
toward the front
206
Proximal
nearest the point of attachment
207
Lateral
pertaining to the side
208
Posterior
pertaining to the back, behind
209
Caudad
toward the tail
210
Ventral
pertaining to the belly side or front of the body
211
Distal
farthest from the point of attachment
