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N112 Cancer > Cancer Section 1 > Flashcards

Cancer Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q 
Which race has the lowest death rate from cancer?
A.  Asians
B.  Native Americans
C.  Whites
D.  Black Americans
A

A. Asians

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2
Q 
Which women have the highest incidence of invasive cervical cancer?
A.  White women
B.  Asian women
C.  Hispanic women
D.  Black women
A

C. Hispanic women

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3
Q 
What type of cancer has the highest estimated cancer deaths in 2014?
A.  Ovarian
B.  Prostate
C.  Colorectal
D.  Lung & bronchial
A

D. Lung & bronchial

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4
Q 
Which of the following are modifiable cancer risk factors?  (select all that apply)
A.  Diet
B.  Previous history of cancer
C.  UV exposure
D.  Smoking
E.  Genetics
A

A. Diet
C. UV exposure
D. Smoking

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5
Q

True or False?

Most women who develop breast cancer have either the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene.

A

False

95% of women w/ breast cancer DO NOT carry the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene.

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6
Q 
This ethnic group has the highest incidence of having the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene.
A.  Caucasians
B.  Black Americans
C.  Asians
D.  Askenazi Jewish
A

D. Askenazi Jewish

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7
Q

True or False?

About 90% of cancers are NOT inherited.

A

True

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8
Q

What are the 7 warning signs of cancer?

A 
CAUTION
Changes in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in warts or moles
Nagging cough or hoarseness
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9
Q 
Which type of tumor is slow growing, movable when palpated, and crowds normal tissue?
A.  Cystic tumor
B.  Malignant tumor
C.  Fatty tumor
D.  Benign tumor
A

D. Benign tumor

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10
Q

When is the best time to perform a breast self-examination (BSE)?
A. 2 or 3 days after menstrual period
B. During your menstrual period
C. The first day of each month
D. 2 or 3 days before your menstrual period

A

A. 2 or 3 days after menstrual period

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11
Q

The following are characteristics of a malignant tumor EXCEPT:
A. Metastasizes
B. Irregular; more immobile when palpated
C. Resembles parent tissue
D. Invades normal tissue

A

C. Resembles parent tissue

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12
Q

What are the three ways that cancer spreads?

A
  1. By diffusion to other body cavities
  2. Circulation through the vascular system
  3. Circulation through the lymphatic system
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13
Q 
What type of tumor is composed of epithelial cells?
A.  Anaplasia
B.  Sarcoma
C.  Leukemia
D.  Carcinoma
A

D. Carcinoma

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14
Q 
This malignant tumor originates from embryonal mesoderm, such as muscle, bone, or fat, usually manifesting as a painless swelling.
A.  Lymphoma
B.  Sarcoma
C.  Leukemia
D.  Carcinoma
A

B. Sarcoma

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15
Q

What is the correct definition of a Grade 4 tumor?
A. The most differentiated (most like the parent tissue) and the least malignant.
B. The most differentiated (most like the parent tissue) and the most malignant
C. The least differentiated (unlike parent tissue) and the most malignant
D. The least differentiated (unlike parent tissue) and the least malignant.

A

C. The least differentiated (unlike parent tissue) and the most malignant

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16
Q 
Which types of tumors originate from the hematopoietic system?  (select all that apply)
A.  Lymphomas
B.  Carcinomas
C.  Leukemias
D.  Sarcomas
A

A. Lymphomas

C. Leukemias

17
Q

What three parameters are used when classifying a tumor based on the TNM classification system?

A

(T) Tumor size
(N) Degree or regional spread to lymph nodes
(M) Metastasis

18
Q

The clinical staging classification system determines the extent of the disease process of cancer by stages. What does Stage II indicate?
A. Cancer in situ
B. Metastasis
C. Tumor limited to the tissue of origin
D. Limited local spread

A

D. Limited local spread

19
Q 
This non-neoplastic condition is characterized by the enlargement of tissues or an organ due to enlarged cells.  (ie. muscle  and cardiac tissue)
A.  Dysplasia
B.  Metaplasia
C.  Hypertrophy
D.  Hyperplasia
A

C. Hypertrophy

20
Q 
This non-neoplastic condition is characterized by the reversible replacement of one mature type of cell with another type.  (ie.  Barrett's esophagus - squamous epithelial cells replaced by glandular cells; the ossification of cartilage to bone)
A.  Dysplasia
B.  Metaplasia
C.  Hypertrophy
D.  Hyperplasia
A

B. Metaplasia

21
Q 
Examples of this non-neoplastic condition characterized by an increase in the number of cells include wound healing, an embryo, the endometrium and BPH.
A.  Dysplasia
B.  Metaplasia
C.  Anaplasia
D.  Hyperplasia
A

D. Hyperplasia

22
Q

What method of staging does the Bethesda System use?
A. Stages by degree of malignancy
B. Studies cells that have been shed during the normal sequence of growth and replacement
C. Determines the extent of the disease process according to tumor size, spread to lymph nodes and metastasis
D. Determines the extent of the disease process by stages.

A

B. Studies cells that have been shed during the normal sequence of growth and replacement

23
Q

What are the leading sites of cancer in men?

A

Prostate, lung, colon and rectum

24
Q

What are the leading sites of cancer in women?

A

breasts, lung, colon and rectum

25
Q

Who is most at risk for developing leukemia?
A. Older adult with history of alcoholism
B. Caucasian women with CA-19-9 antigen
C. Obese adolescent with sedentary lifestyle
D. The identical twin of a person with the disease

A

D. The identical twin of a person with the disease

N112 Cancer (3 decks)

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