RENAL/GU

Question 1

RTA associated with abnormal H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis

Answer 1

Distal RTA Type I

Question 2

RTA associated w abnormal HCO3 and rickets

Answer 2

Proximal RTA Type II

Question 3

RTA associated w aldosterone defect

Answer 3

Distal RTA Type IV

Question 4

“Doughy skin”

Answer 4

Hypernatremia

Question 5

Differential of hypervolemic hyponatremia

Answer 5

Cirrhosis, CHF, nephritic syndrome

Question 6

Chvostek and Trousseau sign

Answer 6

HYPOcalcemia

Question 7

Most common causes of hypercalcemia

Answer 7

malignancy and hyper PTH

Question 8

T-Wave flattening and U Waves

Answer 8

HypOkalemia

Question 9

Peak T waves and wide QRS

Answer 9

Hyperkalemia

Question 10

First line tx for moderate hypercalcemia

Answer 10

IV fluids and loop diuretics (furosemide)

Question 11

Type of ARF in a patient with FeNa<1%

Answer 11

Prerenal

Question 12

49yo M presents w acute onset flank pain and hematuria

Answer 12

nephrolithiasis

Question 13

Most common type of nephrolithiasis stone

Answer 13

calcium oxalate

Question 14

20yoM presents w/ palpable flank mass and hematuria. US shows bilateral enlarged kidneys with cysts.
Associated brain abnormality?

Answer 14

Berry aneurysms assoc w/ PCKD

Question 15

Hematuria, HTN, and oliguria

Answer 15

Nephritic syndrome

Question 16

proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, HLD, hyperlipiduria and edema

Answer 16

nephrotic syndrome

Question 17

Most common type of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 17

membranous glomerulonephritis

Question 18

Most common form of glomerulonephritis

Answer 18

IgA nephropathy

Question 19

Glomerulonephritis w/ deafness

Answer 19

Alport syndrome (also blindness = can’t see, can’t pee, can’t hear)

Question 20

glomerulonephritis w hemoptysis

Answer 20

Goodpasture’s or Wegener’s

Question 21

RBC casts in urine sediment =

Answer 21

glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome

Question 22

esoinophils in urine =

Answer 22

allergic interstitial nephritis

Question 23

waxy casts in urine sediment and maltese crosses (seen with lipiduria)

Answer 23

nephrotic syndrome

Question 24

Drowsiness, asterixis, nausea and pericardial friction rub

Answer 24

uremic syndrome in pts w renal failure

Question 25

55yo M dx with prostate CA, what are the tx options?

Answer 25

Wait, surgical resection, radiation or androgen suppression

Question 26

Low urine specific gravity in the presence of high serum osmolality

Answer 26

DI

Question 27

Tx of SIADH

Answer 27

fluid restriction or demeclocycline

Question 28

Hematuria, flank pain, palpable flank mass

Answer 28

Renal cell carcinoma

Question 29

Testicular cancer associated w Beta HCG and AFP

Answer 29

choriocarcinoma

Question 30

most common testicular cancer

Answer 30

seminoma, type of germ cell tumor

Question 31

most common histology of bladder cancer

Answer 31

transitional cell carcinoma

Question 32

complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia

Answer 32

central pontine myelinolysis

Question 33

salicylate ingestion causes what type of acid-base disorder?

Answer 33

Anion Gap acidosis and primary respiratory alkalosis due to central respiratory stimulation

Question 34

acid-base disturbance commonly seen in preggo ladies

Answer 34

respiratory alkalosis

Question 35

three systemic diseases that lead to nephrotic syndrome

Answer 35

DM, SLE and amyloidosis

Question 36

elevated EPO, elevated Hct, and normal O2 saturation suggests what?

Answer 36

Renal cell carcinoma or other EPO producing tumor, do a CT scan

Question 37

55yoM presents w irritative and obstructive urinary symptoms. Tx options?

Answer 37

Likely BPH. Options include no tx, terazosin, finasteride or TURP.