24.Opposition and Resistance in Wartime (S6) Flashcards
(19 cards)
What types of people tended to join groups like the Edelweiss Pirates?
Working class
14-18 years old
Mostly boys
Were pirate groups usually political?
They attached military depots and helped a range of prisoners escape from concentration camps.
What happened to the Cologne Pirates?
caught then executed
What types of people tended to join groups like the Swing Youth?
Middle class youth
late teens- early twenties
boys and girls
Name 3 types of non-Nazi activities the Swing Youth took part in.
Listening to Jazz etc (foreign music)
- Wearing ‘English’-style clothing
- Girls/ women wore heavy make-up (very American)
- Arranging parties/ gatherings to dance and drink
Who led the White Rose Group?
Siblings: Sophie and Hans Scholl.
What type of activities did the White Rose Group partake in?
Creating and distributing anti- Nazi leaflets and painting anti-Nazi slogans on buildings.
Who influenced the White Rose Group?
The Catholic Church, particularly, Bishop Galen.
What happened the group’s leaders?
Caught and executed by guillotine
Who was the most widely outspoken member of the Catholic Church?
Bishop Galen.
Which programme did the Galen manage to temporarily shut down?
The T4 euthanasia programme
What happened to Galen?
He was too publically important for the Nazis to arrest. While other Catholic priests etc were imprisoned, Galen managed to avoid this.
What was the percentage split of Catholics to Protestants in Germany?
40% Catholic to 60% Protestant (give or take e.g. about 1% of the population were Jewish).
What was the name of the Protestant anti-Nazi organisation?
The Confessional Church
Which Protestant minister spoke out against the Nazi treatment of the Jews amongst other things?
Bonhoeffer.
Why did the Protestant Church not make more protest against the Nazis?
The Nazis had merged elements of itself into the Protestant Church knowing that most people were Protestant- therefore the church was never really under attack from the regime.
Who were the Kreisau Circle?
They were mostly members of the elite, army high command and leading Protestant churchmen such as Bonhoeffer.
List 3 facts about Operation Valkyrie.
- It occurred in July 1944
- It was a plot to assassinate Hitler during a meeting
- It was led by Colonel Staffenburg
- They planted a bomb under a table, it went off but only slightly injured Hitler
- Over 5,000 people (most involved, many not) were executed as a result of the plot
How many Jewish people were saved by ordinary people in the Berlin area?
About 22,000 Jewish people
