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Psych > 25. Anxiety > Flashcards

25. Anxiety Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

uncomfortable feeling of apprehension or dread in response to internal or external stimuli (could have unknown source)

A

anxiety

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2
Q

physical sxs of anxiety

A
  • palpitations
  • increased BP
  • restlessness
  • SOB and hyperventilation
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3
Q

emotional sxs of anxiety

A
  • alarmed
  • fearful
  • tense
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4
Q

cognitive sxs of anxiety

A
  • difficulty thinking

- inability to perceive environment appropriately

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5
Q

factors that determine if anxiety is a sxs of mental disorder

A
  • intensity of anxiety relative to situation

- trigger for anxiety

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6
Q

types of anxiety

A
  • acute
  • chronic
  • mild
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7
Q

when is anxiety normal

A

when it is a motivating force that provides energy to carry out tasks

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8
Q

anxiety precipitated by imminent loss or change; threatens one’s security (crisis)

A

acute anxiety

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9
Q

anxiety that persists over time; due to worrying about everyday situations; leads to GAD

A

chronic anxiety

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10
Q

anxiety that occurs in normal everyday living; increases perception and improves problem solving

A

mild anxiety

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11
Q

how does mild anxiety manifest

A
  • restlessness
  • irritability
  • mild tension-relieving behaviors
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12
Q

how much is too much anxiety

A
  • when out of proportion to situation that is creating it

- interferes w/ social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

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13
Q

Peplau’s 4 levels of anxiety

A
  • mild: seldom a problem; every day situations
  • moderate: perceptual field diminishes
  • severe: perceptual field is so diminished that concentration centers on one detail only or on many extraneous details; unable to make connections
  • panic: most intense state; unable to process environment
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14
Q

biological theories of anxiety

A
  • serotonin (emotional response) and NE (physical sxs)
  • GABA (inhibits neuroactivity -> calming effect)
  • HPA axis (anxiety linked to stress hormones)
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15
Q

psychological and social theories of anxiety

A
  • psychoanalytic (defense mechanisms) and psychodynamic theories
  • cognitive behavioral theories (attempting to unlearn behavior through experiences)
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16
Q

epidemiology of anxiety

A
  • most common psych illness
  • more common in women
  • associated w/ other mental or physical comorbidities (depression, CV disease, and respiratory disease)
  • most common condition in adolescents
  • FHx probably exists
  • high rates in caucasians
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17
Q

what can undiagnosed anxiety lead to in children and adolescents

A
  • separation anxiety disorder and/or mutism
  • suicidal ideation and suicide attempts
  • drug and alcohol dependence
  • educational underachievement later in life
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18
Q

coping mechanisms for anxiety

A
  • eating
  • drinking
  • sleeping
  • exercise
  • smoking
  • crying/laughing
  • talking to people they feel comfortable with
  • defense mechanisms
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19
Q

sudden onset of extreme apprehension or fear of impending doom; fear of losing one’s mind or having a heart attack

A

panic attack

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20
Q

fear of being in places or situations from which escape is difficult or help unavailable; most severe form of panic disorder

A

agoraphobia

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21
Q

diagnostic criteria for panic attacks

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A

recurrent and unexpected panic attacks and 1 month or more after an attack of one of the following sxs

  • persistent concern about having another attack
  • worry about implication of attack or consequences
  • significant changes in behavior because of fear of attacks
22
Q

risk factors for anxiety

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A
  • female, middle aged, low socioeconomic status and widows, separated or divorced
  • substance abuse
  • smoking tobacco
  • severe stressors
23
Q

several anxiety sxs + experience of separation anxiety during childhood leads to what

Study These Flashcards
A

panic disorder later in life

24
Q

emergency care during panic attack

Study These Flashcards
A
  • safe and therapeutic environment
  • medication and monitoring of effects
  • individual psychotherapy
  • psychological testing (MSE)
  • administer PRN meds
25
priority care issues during panic attack
safety because of high risk for suicide
26
nursing assessment for panic attacks
- rule out life threatening medical causes (sx eval) - assess for substance use - self-report scales - MSE
27
prevention of panic attacks
- identify physiological arousal - identify healthy coping thoughts - reduce stress
28
interventions for panic attacks
- CBT (deep breathing, meditation, positive self-talk, relaxation techniques) - grounding techniques (focusing on present moment)
29
explain the 5 4 3 2 1 method of grounding
- 5 things they can see - 4 things they can feel - 3 things they can hear - 2 things they can smell - 1 thing they can taste
30
excessive anxiety or worry about numerous things for at least 6 months; commonly seen w/ depression
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
31
common sxs of GAD
- restlessness - fatigue - poor concentration - irritability - tension - sleep disorders
32
epidemiology for GAD
- may have comorbid dx - twice in common in women - insidious onset - affects all ages - typical onset in childhood or adolescence; also common after 20 y/o
33
assessment for GAD
- assess sxs - diet and nutrition - sleep patterns - drug use
34
prevention of GAD
- psychoeduation on healthy eating, sleep, exercise and impact of substance use - medications
35
interventions for GAD
CBT (cognitive restructuring)
36
common meds used for GAD
- benzodiazepines (most common) - SNRIs - buspirone - beta-blockers
37
common benzodiazepines (anxiolytics)
- diazepam (Valium) - lorazepam (Ativan) - alprazolam (Xanax) - clonazepam (Klonopin) - chlordiazepoxidem (Librium) - oxazepam (Serax)
38
non-anxiolytic used for anxiety
buspirone (Buspar)
39
problems w/ benzos
- dependence | - rebound anxiety
40
pros of buspirone (Buspar)
- non-sedating - non habit forming - not a PRN - good for the elderly
41
cons of buspirone (Buspar)
takes a longer time to work compared to benzos
42
non-benzodiazepine hypnotics (also given as sleep aids)
- zolpidem (Ambien) - zalepon (Sonata) - eszopiclone (Lunestra) - ramelteon (Rozerem)
43
persistent irrational fear of specific objects, activities, or situations
phobia
44
types of phobias
- specific: response to specific object - social: result of exposure to social situations or required performance - agoraphobia
45
persistent fear of specific objects or situation leading to avoidance behavior
specific phobia
46
interventions for specific phobias
- anxiolytics for short term relief of anxiety - exposure therapy (tx of choice) - systematic desensitization (gradual introduction to phobia)
47
persistent fear of social or performance situation in which embarrassment may occur
social anxiety disorder (social phobia)
48
interventions for social anxiety disorder
SSRIs to reduce social anxiety and phobic avoidance
49
goals for phobias
function adaptively in presence of phobia without reaching panic
50
responses to extreme external or internal events or stressors; failure to integrate identity, memory, and consciousness
dissociative disorders
51
types of dissociative disorders
- dissociative amnesia: inability to recall specific event or period of time - dissociative fugue: unexpected travel away for home; lost identity or formed a new one - depersonalization disorder: being detached from one's body; disconnected from reality - dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality disorder) - dissociative disorder not otherwise specified

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