2.5 Enzymes Flashcards
Enzyme
Globular protein that increases rate of biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy threshold
Active site
Site on the surface on enzyme which binds to substrate molecule
Enzyme-substrate specificity 1)
Active site and subtrate complement each other in terms of both shape and chemical properties
Enzyme-substrate specificity 2)
Enzyme-substrate complex
Binding to active site brings substrate into close physical proximity.
Enzyme-substrate specificity 3)
Enzyme-substrate product complex
Enzyme catalyes the conversion of substrate INTO A product
Effect of low temperature on enzyme
Insufficient thermal energy for the activation
Effect of HIGH temperature on enzyme
Increases speed and motion of both enzyme and substrate. Higher enzyme activity
Cause of higher enzyme activity
Higher kinetic energy results in more collisions
What happens when temperature is too high
Enzyme becomes unstable
Thermal energy disrupts hydrogen bonds
Enzyme denatures
Affect of changing pH
pH alters charge of enzyme. Protein solubility and shape change
Affect of changing charge
Active site will diminish its ability to bind to substrate
Denaturing
Structural change in a protein that results in the loss of biological properties
How to make lactose free milk
Lactose is broken down by lactase
Purify lactase with yeast and binding to alginate beads
Milk passed over immobilized enzyme is lactose free
Ways to use lactose free milk
-Source of milk for lactose intolerant people
-Increases sweetness of milk. No need for artificial sweeteners
-Shorter production time for yogurts and cheese
