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WSET Level 2 > 25. Fortified Wines > Flashcards

25. Fortified Wines Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What is a fortified wine?

A

A wine that has had additional alcohol added to it

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2
Q

What are the two main types of fortified wine?

A

Port

Sherry

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3
Q

When is fortification done and what kind of wine does this produce?

A
  1. During fermentation to stop the fermentation - makes sweet fortified wines
  2. After fermentation - makes dry fortified wines
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4
Q

Where is Sherry made?

A

Jerez de la Frontera, Spain

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5
Q

What grape is the starting base wine for most sherries?

A

Palomino

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6
Q

What wine is made from Palomino grapes?

A

Sherry

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7
Q

What is a solera system?

A

A system of old oak casks containing fortified wines of different ages. Wines are blended as they age producing a consistent, complex wine

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8
Q

What are the three key styles of dry sherry?

A

Fino
Oloroso
Amontillado

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9
Q

What is flor and what does it to do to wines?

A

A layer of yeast that forms in sherry barrels during ageing.
Flor protects the wine from oxygen
Flor produces flavours including bread dough and biscuit

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10
Q

What flavours develop from wines being in contact with flor?

A

Bread dough

Biscuit

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11
Q

How is a Fino sherry made?

A

Dry white wine made from Palomino grapes fortified to 15%

Aged under flor in solera systems (biological ageing)

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12
Q

What % is Fino sherry fortified to?

A

15% ABV

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13
Q

What colour is Fino Sherry?

A

Pale lemon

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14
Q

What flavours are common in a Fino sherry?

A

Apple
Almonds
Biscuit/bread dough (from flor)

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15
Q

Are Fino sherries aged?

A

Consumed young, lose freshness rapidly

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16
Q

How should Fino sherry be served?

A

Chilled

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17
Q

How is Oloroso sherry made?

A

Dry white wine made from Palomino grapes fortified to 17%

Aged without flor (alcohol levels are too high) in solera systems (oxidative ageing)

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18
Q

Why is flor not present in Oloroso sherry?

A

Alcohol % is too high (17%) therefore the flor cannot survive

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19
Q

What colour is Oloroso sherry?

A

Brown

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20
Q

What flavours are common in Oloroso sherry?

A

Dried fruits - raisins, prunes
Walnuts
Caramel

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21
Q

How is Amontillado sherry made?

A

A mix of Fino and Oloroso methods.

Aged under flor for a period then refortified to 17% to kill the flor and enable the wine to age oxidatively.

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22
Q

What flavours does an Amontillado sherry have?

A

Mix of flor (biscuit/bread dough) and oxidative (walnuts/caramel) flavours

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23
Q

What colours is an Amontillado sherry?

24
Q

What type is wine is made by:
Dry white wine made from Palomino grapes fortified to 17%
Aged without flor (alcohol levels are too high) in solera systems (oxidative ageing)?

Study These Flashcards
A

Oloroso Sherry

25
What type of wine is made by: Dry white wine made from Palomino grapes fortified to 15% Aged under flor in solera systems (biological ageing)?
Fino Sherry
26
What are the two ways of making sweet sherries?
Sweetened with grape must (or a sweet sherry for Cream sherries) Or made from dried Pedro Ximenez (PX) grapes
27
What is the term for a sweetened Fino sherry?
Pale Cream Sherry
28
What is a Pale Cream Sherry?
A sweetened Fino sherry
29
What is the term for a sweetened Amontillado sherry?
Medium sherry
30
What is a Medium Sherry?
A sweetened Amontillado Sherry
31
What is the term for a sweetened Oloroso sherry?
Cream Sherry
32
What is a Cream Sherry?
A sweetened Oloroso Sherry (made by adding grape must or PX sherry)
33
What is PX sherry?
Sherry made from Pedro Ximenez grapes that have been sun dried
34
How is a PX sherry made?
PX wine fortified and aged oxidatively in the solera
35
What colour is a PX sherry?
Dark, almost black
36
What flavours are common in a PX sherry?
Dried fruit - raisin, fig, prune
37
What wine is commonly made in Jerez?
Sherry
38
What wine is commonly made in the Douro?
Port
39
Where is Port made?
Douro, Portugal
40
How are Ports made?
Harvest grapes and rapidly extract colour and tannin by foot treading/machines Fermentation interrupted by adding grape spirit which kills the yeast Wine matured
41
What level of sugar is common in Port?
High - sweet wines
42
What level of alcohol is common in Port?
High alcohol
43
What are two different types of Port?
Ruby | Tawny
44
What is the key difference between Ruby and Tawny port?
How the wine is aged Ruby - aged in large oak casks, cooked black fruit flavours Tawny - aged in small barrels - oxidative ageing, oxidative flavours (walnut, coffee, caramel)
45
What flavours are common in Ruby ports?
Cooked black fruits - black cherry, blackberry | Black pepper
46
What are the three types of Ruby Port?
Ruby Port Reserve Ruby Port Late Bottled Vintage Port
47
What is the difference between a Ruby Port and a Reserve Ruby Port?
Ruby is sweet and simple | Reserve has greater flavour intensity and softer tannins
48
What is typically on a Tawny Port label?
Age indication, e.g. 10 years, 20 years
49
What colour is a Tawny Port?
Tawny
50
How is Tawny Port aged?
In small barrels to allow for oxidative ageing
51
What are the common flavours in a Tawny port?
Walnut Coffee Caramel
52
What is a Vintage Port?
Port made from one harvest year, only when Port produces declare a Vintage
53
What colour is a Vintage Port?
Garnet
54
What flavours develop in a Vintage Port?
Dried Fruit Leather Coffee
55
What are the characteristics in a Vintage Port?
High tannins Concentrated flavours Garnet colour Tertiary aromas - dried fruit, leather, coffee
56
How should a Vintage Port be served?
Chilled | Decanted - thick sediment will form
57
``` What wine has the following characteristics: Pronounced intensity Flavours of raisin, walnut, coffee, nuts Sweet Tawny colour? ```
Tawny Port

WSET Level 2 (24 decks)

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