2.5 Structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins

Question 1

what are the 3 types of blood vessels that transport blood?

Answer 1

arteries, veins and capillaries

Question 2

how is blood transported from and to the heart

Answer 2

blood is pumped from the heart in arteries and returned to the heart in veins

Question 3

what connects arteries and veins, and what happens there?

Answer 3

capillaries connect arteries and veins, allowing molecules to be exchanged between the blood and cells

Question 4

do arteries carry blood to or away from the heart?

Answer 4

arteries carries blood away from the heart

Question 5

do veins carry blood to or away from the heart

Answer 5

veins carries blood to the heart

Question 6

what type of blood do arteries usually carry and what is the exception

Answer 6

arteries usally carry oxygenated blood except the pulmonary artery

Question 7

What type of blood do veins usually carry, and what is the exception?

Answer 7

Veins usually carry deoxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary vein.

Question 8

What kind of pressure do arteries carry blood under?

Answer 8

Arteries carry blood under high pressure.

Question 9

What kind of pressure do veins carry blood under?

Answer 9

Veins carry blood under low or negative pressure.

Question 10

What feature of arteries helps them accommodate blood flow?

Answer 10

Arteries have thick muscular and elastic walls.

Question 11

How do the walls of veins differ from those of arteries?

Answer 11

Veins have thin walls with less muscular tissue than arteries.

Question 12

What provides strength to the walls of arteries?

Answer 12

A type of supporting tissue called connective tissue.

Question 13

How does the amount of connective tissue in veins compare to arteries?

Answer 13

Veins have less connective tissue than arteries.

Question 14

What is the lumen, and how does it differ in arteries and veins?

Answer 14

The lumen is the channel that carries blood. It is narrow in arteries and wide in veins.

Question 15

What feature do veins have to prevent backflow of blood?

Answer 15

Veins contain valves.

Question 16

How does the smooth muscle in arteries control blood flow?

Answer 16

Smooth muscle can constrict to cause vasoconstriction or relax to cause vasodilation, controlling blood flow.

Question 17

What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

Answer 17

Capillaries connect the smallest branches of arteries and veins.

Question 18

How thick are the walls of capillaries, and why is this important?

Answer 18

The walls of capillaries are just one cell thick, allowing the exchange of molecules between blood and body cells

Question 19

Can the exchange of molecules occur across the walls of arteries or veins?

Answer 19

No, the exchange of molecules is only possible across the walls of capillaries.

Question 20

What happens to oxygen in capillaries?

Answer 20

Oxygen diffuses through the capillary wall into the tissue fluid and then into the cells

Question 21

Q: How does carbon dioxide move in relation to capillaries?

Answer 21

Carbon dioxide diffuses from cells into the tissue fluid and then across the capillary walls into the blood plasma

Question 22

What is the pathway of glucose during the exchange process in capillaries?

Answer 22

Glucose diffuses from blood plasma, across the capillary walls, into the tissue fluid, and then to the cells.

Question 23

How is the waste product urea removed from the body via capillaries?

Answer 23

Urea diffuses from liver cells to the tissue fluid, then across the capillary walls into the blood plasma.

Question 24

Why are capillaries important for the exchange of materials?

Answer 24

Capillaries allow the exchange of substances with body tissues through their thin walls.

Question 25

What happens as blood travels at high pressure towards capillaries?

Answer 25

Pressure filtration occurs, allowing plasma to pass through the capillary wall into the surrounding tissue fluid

Question 26

What does tissue fluid provide to the cells, and what does it remove?

Answer 26

Tissue fluid provides glucose and oxygen to cells and removes waste products.

Question 27

What happens to most of the tissue fluid after it exchanges substances with cells?

Answer 27

Most of the tissue fluid is returned to the blood.

Question 28

How is excess tissue fluid managed in the body?

Answer 28

Excess tissue fluid is absorbed by lymphatic vessels and returned to the circulatory system as lymph.

Question 29

What is the main difference between plasma and tissue fluid?

Answer 29

Plasma contains plasma proteins, which are not found in tissue fluid because they are too large to pass through capillary walls.

Question 30

Q: How is the heart divided, and what does each side do?

Answer 30

A: The heart is divided into the right-hand side, which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, and the left-hand side, which pumps oxygenated blood around the body.

Question 31

Q: What are the two connected chambers on each side of the heart?

Answer 31

A: An atrium and a ventricle.

Question 32

Q: Where does blood collect when it enters the heart?

Answer 32

A: In the atria (plural of atrium).

Question 33

Q: What is the role of the ventricles in the heart?

Answer 33

A: The ventricles pump blood out of the heart to the lungs or around the body.

Question 34

Q: What separates the right-hand and left-hand sides of the heart?

Answer 34

A: The septum.

Question 35

Q: What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

Answer 35

A: The tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle, opening due to a build-up of pressure in the right atrium.

Question 36

Q: Where is the bicuspid valve located, and how does it function?

Answer 36

A: The bicuspid valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle, opening due to a build-up of pressure in the left atrium.

Question 37

Q: What do the semilunar valves do?

Answer 37

A: Semilunar valves prevent the backflow of blood into the heart.

Question 38

Q: Where are the semilunar valves located?

Answer 38

A: One is where the aorta leaves the left ventricle, and the other is where the pulmonary artery leaves the right ventricle.

Question 39

Q: What are the four main blood vessels associated with the heart, and what are their roles?

Answer 39

A: 1. Aorta - Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body. 2. Vena cava - Carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. 3. Pulmonary artery - Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. 4. Pulmonary vein - Returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.s.

Question 40

Q: What is the main artery in the body, and what does it do?

Answer 40

A: The aorta is the main artery, carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Question 41

Q: What is the main vein in the body, and what is its role?

Answer 41

A: The vena cava is the main vein, carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart.