25 vocabulary words Flashcards
(25 cards)
phonology
a study of abstract categories that organize the sound system of a language.
spectogram
graphic representation of frequency distribution of sound waves that give the hearing an impression of speech sounds.
phone
physical realization of speech sound whether its voiced or voiceless alveolar approximant.
allophones
phones which function as alternate realizations of the same phoneme.
narrow transcription
additional articulatory details in transcription
distribution
different positions in which a speech sound can occur or cannot occur in the words of a language.
complementary distribution
two sounds which are distributed in such way that can only occur where the other cannot occur.
phoneme
minimal distinctive unit in the sound system of the language.
minimal pair
pair of words which differ in only one sound, but differing in meaning.
free variation
speakers can choose which allophone they use.
neutralization
contrast between phonemes becomes invisible.
final devoicing
voiced phoneme has a voiceless allophone in word-final position is known in the literature.
stop phonemes
sound that completely blocking the flow of air and releasing it also know as plosive.
aspiration
the process of aspirating stops. “puff of air’ produced.
aspirated stop
a stop that is produced with an extra breath of air.
non-rhotic
sound varieties such as as r-sounds that do not seem to occur in word-final position.
constituents
elements that make up a syllable
nucleus
slot for a vowel
onset
slot for consonants
coda
postvocalic slot
syllabification
assigning syllabe structure to words
sonority
technical term for the category that captures our acoustic impression of ‘clear audibility.’
cognates
words that correspond to phonologically similar and etymologically related German words.
sonority sequencing principle
sounds preceding the nucleus must rise in sonority and sounds following the nucleus must fall in sonority.
