250 Flashcards
(36 cards)
Who was Charles Whitman?
Mass murder was known as the Texas Tower Sniper. Murdered wife, then multiple people at UT Austin. Some believe that the tumor may have pushed against his amygdala leading to his abnormal behavior.
What is Frontotemporal Dementia?
Serious change in behavior and personality; memory and cognitive abilities don’t decline much at first. Usually hits in the 45-60 range and tends to run in families. Neurons above the eyes and the ear degrade, forming misshapen protein clumps in the impulse control part of the brain.
What is Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)?
A progressive neurodegenerative brain disease that develops from repeated head injuries, often associated with contact sports like football, characterized by symptoms like memory loss, behavioral changes, impaired judgment, and cognitive decline.
What does GxE refer to?
GxE refers to the way that genetic factors (G) and environmental factors (E) work together to influence an individual’s traits, behaviors, or health outcomes. It suggests that the effect of one’s genetic makeup can be modified by the environment they are exposed to, and vice versa.
Example 1 (Mental Health): A person may have a genetic predisposition to depression (genetic factor), but whether or not they develop depression could depend on their environment, such as experiencing chronic stress or trauma (environmental factor).
What is the resilience gene 5-HTT?
The serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) is a gene that may be associated with resilience.
What are Economic Progressive Liberals?
Economic progressives advocate for policies that focus on reducing inequality and supporting government interventions to help the less fortunate, such as universal healthcare, raising the minimum wage, and increasing taxes on the wealthy.
Example: Supporting the Green New Deal to create jobs in renewable energy while simultaneously addressing climate change.
What are Traditional Liberals?
Traditional liberals support a balance of individual freedoms and government action to promote social justice, though they may be more cautious about the extent of government intervention compared to economic progressives.
Example: Advocating for civil rights protections while supporting a regulated market economy.
What are Nativist Conservatives?
Nativist conservatives prioritize the interests of native-born citizens over immigrants, advocating for policies that limit immigration and emphasize national identity and security.
Example: Supporting strong border enforcement policies and opposing amnesty for undocumented immigrants.
What is motivated reasoning?
The tendency for people to process information in a way that supports their pre-existing beliefs or desires.
Example: A person may reject scientific evidence on climate change because it conflicts with their political views.
What is confirmation bias?
The tendency to seek, interpret, and remember information that confirms one’s existing beliefs.
Example: A person who believes in a conspiracy theory might only follow social media accounts that support that theory and ignore opposing views.
What is political tolerance?
The willingness to allow others to express views that one might find objectionable.
Example: Tolerating political opposition in a democracy, even if you disagree with their policies.
What is political violence?
The use of force or threats to achieve political goals, often involving physical harm.
Example: Political riots, terrorist acts, or assassination attempts aimed at influencing governmental decisions.
What is the Central Dogma in genetics?
DNA > mRNA > amino acids > proteins. Genetic information flows from DNA to messenger RNA to protein. DNA gets copied (“transcribed”) into mRNA, which is then used to determine the sequence of amino acids. These amino acid chains are then folded together to make proteins.
Blending
Blending refers to the mixing of traits from two parents.
Punnett Square
A Punnett Square is a diagram used to predict the genetic makeup of offspring.
Punnett Square: Expected Values
Expected values in a Punnett Square indicate the probability of each genotype.
Pedigrees
Pedigrees are charts that show the inheritance of traits in a family.
Dominant versus Recessive conditions
Dominant conditions require only one allele to express the trait, while recessive conditions require two.
Carriers
Carriers are individuals who have one copy of a recessive allele but do not express the trait.
Incomplete dominance
Incomplete dominance occurs when the phenotype is a blend of the two parental traits.
Genetic imprinting
Genetic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon where certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner.
Impacts of inbreeding
Inbreeding can lead to increased homozygosity and a higher risk of genetic disorders.
Epigenetics
Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the DNA sequence.
Epigenetics: Examples in nature
Examples of epigenetics in nature include changes in flower color due to environmental factors.
