250 Flashcards
abrogate
revoke formally
His government has abrogated constitutional amendments curbing presidential powers, which were introduced after the Orange Revolution.
accession
the right to enter
Accession negotiations are expected to take about 10 years.
accord
concurrence of opinion
After weeks of negotiation, agreement was reached and theaccords were signed, later leading directly to the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty of 1979.
accreditation
the act of granting official approval or recognition
Their alleged status is said to have been disclosed in anaccreditation check by G4S.
acknowledge
declare to be true or admit the existence or reality of
Napoleon also refused to acknowledge diplomatic immunity, imprisoning several British diplomats accused of scheming against France.
adhere
stick to firmly
Lee also urged North Korea to adhere to UN resolutions aimed at deterring Pyongyang’s nuclear ambitions.
adversary
someone who offers opposition
Diplomatic distance in public between our nations emboldens Israel’s adversaries.”
adviser
an expert who gives advice
The oldest treatise on statecraft and diplomacy, Arthashastra, is attributed to Kautilya (also known as Chanakya)[citation needed], who was the principal adviser to Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Maurya dynasty who ruled in the 3rd century BC, (whose capital was Patliputra, today’s Patna, the chief city of Bihar state).
agency
the state of being in action or exerting power
If discovered, these diplomats can be expelled from an embassy, but for the most part counter-intelligence agencies prefer to keep these agents in situ and under close monitoring.
agent
a representative who acts on behalf of others
If discovered, these diplomats can be expelled from an embassy, but for the most part counter-intelligence agencies prefer to keep these agents in situ and under close monitoring.
alliance
the state of being confederated
From the Battle of Baideng (200 BC) to the Battle of Mayi (133 BC), the Han Dynasty was forced to uphold a marriagealliance and pay an exorbitant amount of tribute (in silk, cloth, grain, and other foodstuffs) to the powerful northern nomadic Xiongnu that had been consolidated by Modu Shanyu.
ally
a friendly nation
However, a great deal of diplomacy in establishing allies, bartering land, and signing peace treaties was necessary for each warring state, and the idealized role of the “persuader/diplomat” developed.
ambassador
a diplomat of the highest rank
Portraits of Periodical Offering, a 6th-century Chinese painting portraying various emissaries; ambassadors depicted in the painting ranging from those of Hephthalites, Persia to Langkasuka, Baekje(part of the modern Korea), Qiuci, and Wo (Japan).
annex
attach to
announce
make known
appeasement
the act of acceding to demands
arbitration
giving authoritative judgment
Nations sometimes resort to international arbitration when faced with a specific question or point of contention in need of resolution.
attache
a specialist assigned to the staff of a diplomatic mission
For instance, the job of military attachés includes learning as much as possible about the military of the nation to which they are assigned.
autonomous
existing as an independent entity
A state’s ability to practice diplomacy has been one of the underlying defining characteristics of an autonomous state.
barter
exchange goods without involving money
However, a great deal of diplomacy in establishing allies,bartering land, and signing peace treaties was necessary for each warring state, and the idealized role of the “persuader/diplomat” developed.
bestow
give as a gift
A high rank was bestowed upon them in order to present a sense of legitimacy with regards to their presence.
betray
deliver to an enemy by treachery
bilateral
having two sides or parts
border
the boundary of a surface
Diplomatic communications are also viewed as sacrosanct, and diplomats have long been allowed to carry documents across borders without being searched.
boycott
refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization
breach
an opening, especially a gap in a dike or fortification
While there have been a number of cases where diplomats have been killed, this is normally viewed as a great breach of honour.
broker
a businessman who buys or sells for another
DOJ is involved in brokering a deal between two online poker giants.
cartography
the making of maps and charts
Both diplomats secured the rightful borders of the Song Dynasty through knowledge of cartography and dredging up old court archives.
channel
a deep and relatively narrow body of water
In some situations, such as between the United States and the People’s Republic of China a large amount of diplomacy is done through semi-formal channels using interlocutors such as academic members of thinktanks.
charisma
personal attractiveness that enables you to influence others
client
someone who pays for goods or services
collaboration
act of working jointly
But if you look at the institutions involved in this massive undertaking it’s clearly an international collaboration.
collective
done by or characteristic of individuals acting together
League of Nations
collective
compliance
the act of submitting, usually surrendering power to another
Arms-control treaties would be impossible without the power of reconnaissance satellites and agents to monitorcompliance.
conciliatory
making or willing to make concessions
In an apparent conciliatory gesture, Saudi state TV showed King Abdullah welcoming leaders with Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad at his side.
condemnation
an expression of strong disapproval
conduct
the way a person behaves toward other people
But with limited resources at their disposal, conductingeffective diplomacy poses unique challenges for small states.[8]
[edit]Diplomatic training institutions
conflict
an open clash between two opposing groups
Already, there are examples of how resource riches can sparkconflict.
confront
oppose, as in hostility or a competition
Others said that Mr. Ban could surprise critics by confronting or embarrassing Ayatollah Khamenei and his subordinates over their anti-Semitic statements.
conquer
take possession of by force, as after an invasion
The revolution would see commoners take over the diplomacy of the French state, and of those conquered by revolutionary armies.
conspiracy
a plot to carry out some harmful or illegal act
Other posts focus on conspiracy theories related to 9/11 and talk of an upcoming revolution.
consular
having to do with a consul or his office or duties
consulate
diplomatic building that serves as the residence or workplace of a consul
convention
the act of meeting formally
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
counterpart
a person or thing having the same function as another
“In the framework of diplomatic relations it was customary for Byzantine emperors and Muslim rulers, especially the ‘Abbāsids and the Fātimids, as well as for Muslim rulers between themselves, to exchange precious gifts, with which they attempted to impress or surpass their counterparts,” remarks David Jacoby, in the context of the economics of silk in cultural exchange among Byzantium, Islam and the Latin West:[4] merchants accompanied emissaries, who often traveled on commercial ships.
courtesy
a considerate and respectful manner
Amenities were added to cater to military travelers, including weekly barbecues, courtesy shuttles, full-time concierges and free laundry facilities and DVD rentals.
covert
secret or hidden
On almost every front in a wide-ranging covert war with Israel and the United States, Iran appears to be suffering major
credential
a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts
Local analysts say that playing up the “colonial” angle helps burnish Correa’s anti-U.S. credentials and could lift his ratings.
crisis
a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something
Even so seemingly modern a crisis as Europe’s financial woes is an expression of timeless geography.
cunning
showing inventiveness and skill
In the 11th century during the Song Dynasty (960–1279), there were cunning ambassadors such as Shen Kuo and Su Song who achieved diplomatic success with the Liao Dynasty, the often hostile Khitan neighbor to the north.
customary
commonly used or practiced
By the late 16th century, permanent missions becamecustomary.
declaration
a statement that is emphatic and explicit
declare
state emphatically and authoritatively
If a diplomat does commit a serious crime while in a host country he may be declared as persona non grata (unwanted person).
de facto
existing, whether with lawful authority or not
Currently, the United States and other nations maintain informal relations through de facto embassies, with names such as the American Institute in Taiwan.
defiance
a hostile challenge
Sometimes the exchanges may have no connection at all with governments, or may even act in defiance of governments; such exchanges are called Track III.
deflect
turn from a straight course or fixed direction
delegation
a group of representatives
The Palestinian National Authority has its own diplomatic service, however Palestinian representatives in most Western countries are not accorded diplomatic immunity, and their missions are referred to as Delegations General.
deportment
the way a person behaves toward other people
The envoys sent at the time to the courts of other kingdoms tended to reside for extended periods of time, and Arthashastra contains advice on the deportment of the envoy, including the trenchant suggestion that ‘he should sleep alone’.
dialogue
a conversation between two persons
Track II diplomacy is a specific kind of informal diplomacy, in which non-officials (academic scholars, retired civil and military officials, public figures, social activists) engage indialogue, with the aim of conflict resolution, or confidence-building.
diplomacy
negotiation between nations
Diplomacy
diplomat
an official engaged in international negotiations
International treaties are usually negotiated by diplomats prior to endorsement by national politicians.
diplomatic
relating to negotiation between nations
” Diplomatic relations between Canada and Iran have been suspended,” Baird said.
displaced person
a person forced to flee from home or country
dispute
the act of coming into conflict with
Speaking to Russia’s RT television channel, he said a second term for Mr. Obama could help solve disputes over missile defense.
dissident
a person who objects to some established policy
In times of hostility, diplomats are often withdrawn for reasons of personal safety, as well as in some cases when the host country is friendly but there is a perceived threat from internaldissidents.
doctrine
a belief accepted as authoritative by some group or school
embargo
a government order imposing a trade barrier
Cuban authorities continuously brag about keeping health care free and universal despite its lightweight economy and the 50-year-old U.S. embargo.
embassy
a building where diplomats live or work
After a few tense hours, it became clear the Soviets were not going to storm the embassy.
embolden
give encouragement to
emissary
someone sent on a mission to represent another’s interests
On the day the uprising broke out in Benghazi, Saadi was touring the city as an emissary from his father to its alienated citizens.
endorsement
the act of approving
International treaties are usually negotiated by diplomats prior to endorsement by national politicians.
enforcement
ensuring observance of or obedience to
Diplomats were thus used as an enforcement mechanism on treaties and international law.
enlargement
the act of increasing in size or volume or quantity or scope
entanglement
an intricate trap that entangles or ensnares its victim
entity
that which is perceived to have its own distinct existence
For many decades after its becoming independent, even many of the closest allies of the Dutch Republic refused to grant it full recognition.[citation needed] Today there are a number of independent entities without widespread diplomatic recognition, most notably the Republic of China (ROC)/Taiwan on Taiwan Island.
envoy
a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador
envoy extraordinary
a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador
espionage
the systematic use of spies to obtain secrets
Embassy staff would include a wide range of employees, including some dedicated to espionage.
external
happening or arising outside some limits or surface
extradition
surrender of an accused by one state or country to another
facilitation
act of assisting the progress or improvement of something
flagship
the ship that carries the commander of a fleet and flies his flag
flux
a state of constant change
foe
an armed adversary
foresight
seeing ahead; knowing in advance; foreseeing
Lincoln was not lacking in foresight, nor in careful calculation.
forestall
keep from happening or arising; make impossible
gesture
motion of hands or body to emphasize a thought or feeling
In an apparent conciliatory gesture, Saudi state TV showed King Abdullah welcoming leaders with Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad at his side.
goodwill
the friendly hope that something will succeed
grievance
a complaint about a wrong that causes resentment
grudging
petty or reluctant in giving or spending
helm
steering mechanism for a vessel
hindsight
understanding the nature of an event after it has happened
In fact, the two long-term refinancing operations by the European Central Bank in hindsight look increasingly like temporary sticking-plaster solutions.
hinterland
a remote and undeveloped area
Erected with the stated aim of keeping out suicide bombers, the barrier has largely severed Jerusalem’s Arab districts from their West Bank hinterland.
honor
a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction
Our nation also holds the dubious honor of being responsible for half of the worst mass shootings in the last 30 years.”
hostile
characterized by enmity or ill will
In some cases, governments welcome such activity, for example as a means of establishing an initial contact with ahostile state of group without being formally committed.
illicit
contrary to accepted morality or convention
implement
a piece of equipment or a tool used for a specific purpose
impose
charge and collect payment
independence
freedom from control or influence of another or others
Other unrecognized regions which claim independence include Abkhazia, Transnistria, Somaliland, South Ossetia, Nagorno Karabakh, and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
initiative
readiness to embark on bold new ventures
“Russia is open to new joint initiatives in this sphere.”
