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USMLE Step 1 > Keyword associations > Flashcards

Keyword associations Flashcards

1
Q

aschoff bodies

A

necrotic granulomatous inflammation seen in rheumatic fever in heart

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2
Q

lysyl hydroxylase

A

defective collagen fibril cross linking–Ehler Danlos

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3
Q

FGF3 receptor defect

A

achondroplasia (dwarfism)

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4
Q

lysosomal α-1-4-glucosidase defect

A

Pompe’s disease

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5
Q

carbonic anhydrase II

A

osteoclasts cannot properly absorb bone –>osteopetrosis

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6
Q

hexosaminidase A defect

A

Tay Sachs–accumulation of GM2 ganglioside

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7
Q

sphingomyelinase defect

A

Niemann Pick–accumulation of sphingomyelin

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8
Q

B-glucocerebrosidase defect

A

Gaucher’s disease–accumulation of glucocerebroside

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9
Q

alpha-galactosidase a defect

A

Fabry’s disease– ceramide trihexoside

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10
Q

galactocerebrosidase defect

A

Krabbe’s Disease

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11
Q

chromosome 17 tumor supressor gene

A

p53–Li Fraumeni syndrome

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12
Q

iris speckling (brushfield spots)

A

Down’s Syndrome

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13
Q

blurry yellow vision

A

digoxin toxicity

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14
Q

brown stain with toluidine blue

A

metachromatic lipid cx of metachromatic leukodsystrophy; arylsulfatase A deficiency; accumulation of cerebrosidase sulfate

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15
Q

right-sided heart pathology in setting of diarrhea

A

carcinoid syndrome

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16
Q

hypersalivation, nystagmus, and tachycardia

A

PCP intoxication

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17
Q

statins + fibrates

A

increased risk of myositis and rhabdomyolysis

18
Q

azathioprine + allopurinol

A

aplastic anemia, fatal hematologic disorders: azathiprine is metabolized to 6-MP which is inactivated by xanthine oxidase (but is inhibited by allopurinol). toxic 6-MP buildup

19
Q

coarse facial features, diffuse joint stiffness, claw hand deformities, and kyphoscoliosis. Muscle biopsy reveals numerous intracytoplasmic inclusions in cells

A

I cell disease

20
Q

Disulfiram-like drug reaction

A

disulfiram-like reactions include metronidazole, griseofulvin, chloramphenicol, chlorpropamide, and some cephalosporins including cefamandole and cefoperazone, tolbutamide

21
Q

Good mnemonic for muscle sarcomere bands

A

An Interesting Zoo Must Have Mammals: Actin in the I-band attached at the Z-line. Myosin in the H-band attaches at the M-line.

22
Q

neurophysin point mutation

A

Carrier protein that binds to ADH and oxytocin in posterior pituitary. Can lead to autosomal dominant hypothalamic diabetes inspidus.

23
Q

PAS + intestinal biopsy

A

stains glycoprotein of tropheryma whipplei brilliant pink (diastase negative) –Whipple’s Disease

24
Q

craniopharyngioma

A

calcified cystic mass, remnant of Rathke’s pouch, pituitary gland derivative, cholesterol filled

25
Q

euvolemic hyponatremia

A

SIADH

26
Q

chronic lymphedema, hard violaceous cutaneous nodules

A

Angiosarcoma, Stewart-Treves syndrome

27
Q

What drug to avoid in patient with BPH and depression?

A

TCAs–like amitryptiline have anticholinergic SEs that may worsen urinary retention.

28
Q

chromosomal instability disorders

A

xeroderma pigmentosum, Fanconi anemia, Bloom’s syndrome, ataxia-telangectasia

29
Q

hypermethylation disorders

A

Fragile X syndrome (hypermethylation, CGG repeats, FRM1 gene)

30
Q

mismatch repair defect

A

Lynch syndrome (HNPCC)

31
Q

jawpain with meal, tongue pain

A

temporal arteritis–get ESR

32
Q

Waterhouse friedrichson syndrome

A

adrenal hemorrhage from meningococcal septicemia; hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia

33
Q

VIPoma

A

WDHA syndrome (watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria)

34
Q

valproic acid in pregnancy

A

folate absorption inhibition, neural tube defects

35
Q

pure RBC aplasia

A

parvo B19, thymoma, lymphocytic leukemia

36
Q

non-cytotoxic Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions

A

4G’s: Graves disease, Gravis myasthenia, Gastric (pernicious) anemia, and Genetic (type II) diabetes

37
Q

type 4 hypersensitivity reactions

A

Guillain Hashimoto Contacts Multiple PPD+ Type I Diabetic 4 a Graft: Guillain Barre Syndrome; Hashimoto thyroiditis; Contact Dermatitis; Multiple Sclerosis; PPD test; Type I Diabetes; Graft vs. Host disease

38
Q

drugs that cause drug induced SLE

A

hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid, minocycline, quinidine

39
Q

drug used to diagnose prinzmetal’s angina

A

ergonovine test; ergot alkaloid that stimulates alpha/dopa/serotonergic receptors–>vasoconstriction

40
Q

destruction of bilateral adrenal glands, DIC, shock

A

Waterhouse Friedrichson, N meningitidis bacteremia

41
Q

appetite suppressants: life threatening side effect?

A

RVH–fenfluramine, phentermine

42
Q

poly ribosyl ribitol phosphate antibodies

A

immunity against Hib

USMLE Step 1 (36 decks)

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