Pneumonia

Question 1

Lobar pneumonia: characteristics

Answer 1

homogenous consolidation of affected lobe with air bronchogram; strep pneumo

Question 2

segmental pneumonia: characteristics

Answer 2

patchy airspace disease, freq. involving several segments, no air bronchogram, atelectasis; staph au.

Question 3

interstitial pneumonia: characteristics

Answer 3

reticular, interstitial disease; usually diffuse; progresses to airspace disease; P. jiroveci

Question 4

round pneumonia: characteristics

Answer 4

lower lobe of children, resembles mass; spherically shaped; H. influ / streptococcus / pneumococcus

Question 5

cavitary pneumonia: characteristics

Answer 5

mycobacterium, TB

Question 6

cocciodies / TB manifestation on xray

Answer 6

thin walled, upper lobe cavity (Ohio river valley)

Question 7

airspace disease + effusion

Answer 7

streptococci, staphylococci, TB

Question 8

diffuse nodules

Answer 8

histoplasma, coccidoides, mycobacterium TB

Question 9

aspergillos manifestations

Answer 9

soft-tissue fingerlike shadows in upper lobes, or spherical soft tissue mass in a thin-walled upper lobe mass

Question 10

cryptococcus pneumonia manifestations

Answer 10

solitary pulmonary nodule

Question 11

pseudomonas aergulosa / bacterioides (anaerobic) pneumonia

Answer 11

lower lobe cavitary pneumonia

Question 12

klebsiella pneumonia

Answer 12

upper lobar pneumonia w/ bulging interlobar fissure

Question 13

upper lobe cavitary pneumonia w/ spread to the opposite lower lobe

Answer 13

TB

Question 14

patterns of aspiration:

Answer 14

1) bland gastric acid / water
2) infected aspirated (i.e.: aspiration pneumonia)
3) unneutralized stomach acid = chemical pneumonitis

Question 15

characteristics of bland acid / water aspiration

Answer 15

rapidly appearing / clearing air space disease in dependent lobes (not a pneumonia)

Question 16

characteristics of infected aspirate

Answer 16

lower lobes, frequently cavitates, months to clear

Question 17

unneutralized stomach acid aspirate

Answer 17

most immediate appearing of dependent airspace disease; frequently secondarily infected

Question 18

which side of the lung is more likely to be affected by aspiration?

Answer 18

right side b/c the right mainstem bronchus is straighter / wider

Question 19

ascending aorta no longer visible

Answer 19

right upper lobe pneumo

Question 20

right heart border no longer visible

Answer 20

right middle lobe pneumo

Question 21

R hemidiaphragm no longer visible

Answer 21

R lower lobe pneumo

Question 22

descending aorta no longer visible

Answer 22

L upper / lower lobe pneumo

Question 23

L heart border no longer visible

Answer 23

lingula of the L upper lobe

Question 24

L hemidiaphragm no longer visible

Answer 24

L lower lobe pneumo