Albert #1

Question 1

Why is body surface area important in peds?

Answer 1

It parallels metabolic rate

Question 2

Weight difference of PEDS?

Answer 2

1/21 of adult

Question 3

Surface area difference of PEDS?

Answer 3

1/9 adult

Question 4

Length difference if PEDS

Answer 4

1/3 adult

Question 5

What are some upper airway difference with PEDS?

Answer 5

• Small mouth
• Large tongue
• Narrow epiglottis

Question 6

Where does the airway start in PEDS?

Answer 6

C3-4

Question 7

What is the narrowest part of a PEDS airway?

Answer 7

cricoid cartilage (funnel shaped)

Question 8

Unique about peds cords?

Answer 8

the slope

Question 9

Peds ribs differences?

Answer 9

• More horizontal
• Less mechanical
• more cartilage = more pliable

Question 10

Peds have a higher portion of _______ muscles vs. ________ muscles.

Answer 10

• Type 2 (fatigue)

- Type 1 (endurance)

Question 11

What is significant about large head size in peds.

Answer 11

Greater heat loss

Question 12

Additional flexion of head in PEDS __________ of intubation

Answer 12

increases difficuty

Question 13

50% of airway resistance in PEDS comes from where?

Answer 13

Nose

Question 14

Respiratory rate of peds is ____ and O2 consumpton is ______ and tidal volume is _______ of an adult.

Answer 14

3X
2-3X
Same

Question 15

Peds have higher ______ and _______ volumes.

Answer 15

Residual

Closing

Question 16

Fetal HgB is _____ at birth and gone by ____ months.

Answer 16

80%

6

Question 17

What is the significance of fetal HgB?

Answer 17

• Higher affinity for O2

- Less is released at tissues.

Question 18

What affect does does hypoxia have peds?

Answer 18

Decreases RR and may cause apnea

Question 19

Why is edema more concerning in PEDS?

Answer 19

You get the same amount of edema, but start with smaller openings.

Question 20

Hypoxia and acidosis can cause what?

Answer 20

Return of Right to left shunt at the atrium (foramen ovale)

Question 21

What does racimic epi do?

Answer 21

Shrinks the inflammed mucosa, allowing for more air passage

Question 22

Fetal cardiac muscle is ____ contractile compared to _____ in adults.

Answer 22

30%

60%

Question 23

Lower contractile mass results in what?

Answer 23

Lower compliance

Question 24

Only way to increase CO in peds is to increase what?

Answer 24

HR

Question 25

Adequate ________ hydration is key in peds cardiac output.

Answer 25

Volume

Question 26

Name the 2 afferent temperature input fibers.

Answer 26

A-delta for cold

C for Warm

Question 27

Efferent cold temperature response in peds.

Answer 27

-Non-shivering thermogensis 
(brown fat)
-Shivering (non-effective)
-Vasoconstriction (non effective)
-Behavioral - (parent dependent)

Question 28

When is Brown fat available?

Answer 28

At birth

Gone by 2 years

Question 29

How can newborns double metabolic heat production?

Answer 29

Brown Fat

Question 30

Why are newborns unable to shiver?

Answer 30

• Immature musculoskeletal system

- Small muscle mass

Question 31

Why is vasoconstricion for heat loss in peds ineffective?

Answer 31

Takes hours to reach max benefit

Question 32

What type of vasoconstrion is more powerful in peds central or peripheral?

Answer 32

Central

Question 33

4 routes of heat loss

Answer 33

• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection
• Evaporation

Question 34

How does anesthesia effect body temperature?

Answer 34

• Lowers threshold to compensations
• Vasoconstriction begins w/ lower temp
• Non-shivering thermogensis inhibited

Question 35

4 cutaneous warming methods

Answer 35

• Lamps
• Blankets
• Forced air warmer
• ↑ room temp

Question 36

Warm IV fluids ________ loss, but does not ________ patient.

Answer 36

Prevents

Warm

Question 37

ETT size equation

Answer 37

Age + 18 / 4