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Urinary System > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the kidney?

A

Regulate blood volume and composition, help regulate blood pressure, synthesize glucos, release erythropoietin, participate in Vitamin D synthesis, and excrete wastes by forming urine.

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2
Q

What is the function of the Ureters?

A

To transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

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3
Q

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

A

To store urine.

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4
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

Discharges urine from the body.

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5
Q

Explain how the kidneys contribute to homeostasis?

A

By altering blood composition, pH, volume, and pressure; maintaining blood osmolarity; excreting wastes and foreign substances; and producing hormones.

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6
Q

Where is the location of the kidneys?

A

Just above the waist between the peritoneum and the posterior wall of the abdomen. They are said to be retroperitoneal.

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7
Q

Where are the Ureters located?

A

Retroperitoneal. Between the renal pelvis and the urinary bladder.

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8
Q

Where is the Urinary bladder located?

A

Situated in the pelvic cavity posterior to the pubic symphysis. In males: it is directly anterior to the rectum; In females; it is anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus.

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9
Q

Where is the Urethra located at?

A

In females it is located at the posterior end of the pubic symphysis. It is situated at the front wall of vagina. In males; below the bladder. It is located at the pelvic floor cavity.

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10
Q

Regulation of Ca2+, Cl-, K+, and Na+

a). pH b). Glucose c). Electrolyte Concentration d). Pressure.

A

C. Electrolyte Concentration

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11
Q

Parts of the Kidneys

Big and small cup-like structures?

A

Minor and Major Calyces

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12
Q

Cavity that drains into the ureter?

A

Renal Pelvis

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13
Q

Deep region in the kidney?

A

Renal Medulla

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14
Q

fissure the ureter, blood vessels, nerve and lymphatic vessels emerge?

A

Renal Hilum

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15
Q

Functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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16
Q

Structures found in the meulla?

A

Renal Pyramids

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17
Q

Superficial smooth-textured region in the kidney?

A

Renal Cortex

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18
Q

Smooth sheet of dense irregular connective tissue?

A

Renal Capsule

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19
Q

Portions of renal cortex that extend between renal pyramids?

A

Renal Columns

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20
Q

Apices of the renal pyramids?

A

Renal Papilla

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21
Q

Anchors kidney to abdominal wall?

A

Renal Fascia

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22
Q

Define Filtrate?

A

Fluid in the nephron, not technically urine yet.

23
Q

Name the 5 parts of the nephron?

A
  1. Bowman’s Capsule 2. Proximal Convoluted Tubule 3. Loop of Henle 4. Distal Convoluted Tubule 5. Collecting Tubule
24
Q

Glomerulus is still part of the _____?

A

Blood

25
Q

What 2 structures comprise the renal corpuscle?

A

Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule

26
Q

Name the 3 steps of urine formation?

A

Glomerular filtration, Tubular reabsorption, and Tubular secretion.

27
Q

Where does glomerular filtration occur?

A

glomerulus and bowmans capsule

28
Q

What 3 tissues make up the filtration membrane?

A

simple squamous, simple cuboidal, low columnar

29
Q

What parts of the blood do not pass through the membrane?

A

Plasma proteins, blood cells, platlets

30
Q

What is the main driving force of filtration?

A

pressure

31
Q

What is GFR?

A

Glomeruler filtration rate; The amount of filtrate formed in all renal corpuscles of both kidneys each minute.

32
Q

Define tubular reabsorption-

A

The movement of filtrate from renal tubules back into blood in response to the bodys specific needs.

33
Q

Define tubular secretion-

A

The movement of substances in blood into renal tubular fluid in response to the body’s specific needs.

34
Q

_____arterioles carry the RBC’s _____&_____back into bloodstream?

A

Efferent, WBC’s, and proteins

35
Q

_____arterioles go where?

A

Into the glomerulus or Bowman’s capsule

36
Q

ADH is produced by what gland?

A

Hypothalamus-> Posterior Pituitary (stored)

37
Q

What is the function of the ADH? Where does this happen at?

A

higher reabsorption of water, in kidneys starts at DCT & collecting tubule

38
Q

What is the stimulus for the ADH?

A

Dehydration, Low BP,

39
Q

Aldosterone is produced by what gland?

A

Adrenal Cortex

40
Q

What is the function of Aldosterone? Where does this happen at?

A

higher reabsorption of Na+ in kidneys, in kidneys= DCT& collecting tubule H2O follows salt!

41
Q

What is the stimulus for Aldosterone?

A

Low BP, Low Na+, high potassium

42
Q

ANP stands for?

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

43
Q

ANP is produced by what gland?

A

Atria of heart

44
Q

What is the function of ANP?

A

Salt into urin, less blood volume, excretion of Na+

45
Q

What is the stimulus for ANP?

A

High blood pressure, High Na+

46
Q

The function of ADH & Aldosterone is going to be the opposite of _____?

A

ANP

47
Q

PTH is produced by what gland?

A

Parathyroid

48
Q

What is the function of PTH?

A

Works on bones, small intestine (absorption) kidneys (reapsorption)

49
Q

What is the stimulus for PTH?

A

Hypocalcemia, Low calcium in blood

50
Q

A major hormone that regulates water loss is _____ which is a _____?

A

ADH, vasopressin

51
Q

ADH secretion will help _____ body fluids.

A

conserve

52
Q

Renin is produced by the _____?

A

Kidneys

53
Q

ACE stops _____ from converting to _____?

A

Angiotension 1, Angiotension 2 blood vessels remain dilated.

Urinary System (3 decks)

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