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Adult Echocardiography > Techniques > Flashcards

Techniques Flashcards

0
Q

The closed central portion of the interatrial septum in the adult is called?

A

Fossa ovalis

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1
Q

A saline contrast bubble study is performed during the TEE, need to detect?

A

Cardiac shunts

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2
Q

Which has the most impact on color Doppler jet size?

A

Doppler gain

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3
Q

At which temperature range is to unsafe to use a TEE probe?

A

40-45c (highest temp given, overheating can cause esophageal tissue damage)

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4
Q

Which valve event ends isovolumic relaxation?

A

Mitral opening

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5
Q

The area of the aorta between the top of the descending aorta and the arch is called the?

A

Isthmus

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6
Q

The anterior and apical wall of the LV is supplied by which coronary artery?

A

Left anterior descending (LAD)

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7
Q

The normal mean left atrial pressure is comparable to which of the following pressures?

A

Left ventricular diastolic

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8
Q

What percent of the left ventricular filing normally occurs in the first third of diastole?

A

70%

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9
Q

In a patient w COPD which frequency transducer would most likely result in the best images?

A

1.75 MHz

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10
Q

Which valve event ends isovolumic contraction?

A

Aortic opening

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11
Q

Which is the most posterior cardiac valve in the chest?

A

Mitral

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12
Q

The moderator band is seen in which of the following chambers?

A

Right ventricle

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13
Q

What type of murmur is associated with aortic stenosis?

A

Systolic crescendo decrescendo murmur

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14
Q

The best 2D view for diagnosing mitral valve prolapse is?

A

Parasternal long axis (PLAX)

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15
Q

On m-mode echocardiography the left atrial dimension is measured at?

A

End systole

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16
Q

The second heart sound involves the?

A

Semilunar valves

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17
Q

In echocardiography when Is a raphe typically seen?

A

Bicuspid aortic valve (a raphe is the fussed line between 2 of the 3 aortic leaflets in a typical bicuspid valve. Usually 86% between the R and the L aortic leaflets

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18
Q

The best view for evaluating a pt w suspected coarctation of the aorta is?

A

Suprasternal long axis of the aortic arch

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19
Q

Te best 2d view for evaluating a pt w a suspected PDA is?

A

Parasternal short axis of the aorta

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20
Q

Visualization of the lateral wall of the LV is best when the sonographer uses which of the following views?

A

Ap 4ch

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21
Q

With normal pressures which valve lesion would have the highest Doppler velocity?

A

Mitral regurg

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22
Q

Which standard 2-D transthoracic view typically allows viewing of the left atrial appendage LAA?

A

Apical 2CH

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23
Q

What type of murmur is associated with mitral valve prolapse?

A

Mid systolic click w a late systolic murmur

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24
Q

The best Doppler view for evaluating the severity of pulmonic stenosis is?

A

Psax at the base

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25
Q

What type of murmur is associated with aortic stenosis?

A

Systolic crescendo decrecendo murmur

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26
Q

Externally where is the left anterior descending coronary artery found?

A

Anterior interventricular sulcus

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27
Q

Which of the following can be seen on echo and is considered a normal remnant of fetal circulation?

A

Eustachian valve (at the junction of the IVC and RA is often seen on echo)

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28
Q

Which of the following increases left ventricular afterload?

A

Systemic hypertension. increases left ventricular afterload or the work that the ventricle has to do.

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29
Q

The central opening of the interatrial septum during fetal circulation is called the?

A

Foramen ovale

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30
Q

on M mode echocardiography the left ventricular diastolic dimension is measured at?

A

The start of the QRS

31
Q

Which of the following forms a flap at the level of the foramen ovale that controls the flow between the right atrium and the left atrium?

A

Septum primum

32
Q

Fetal blood oxygenation occurs in the maternal?

A

Placenta

33
Q

Which Echo window is used in viewing the inferior vena cava?

A

Subcostal

34
Q

Color flow Doppler converts flow frequencies into different colors, it’s appearance is based on all of the following except?

A

Gray scale map used

35
Q

What causes a left parasternal friction rub?

A

Pericarditis

36
Q

Adult chest wall echo probes generally operate with what frequency range?

A

2.5 - 4.0

37
Q

Which is the most posterior chamber of the heart?

A

Left atrium

38
Q

Which valve event starts at isovolumic contraction?

A

Mitral closure

39
Q

Which valve event ends isovolumic relaxation?

A

Mitral opening

40
Q

The resistance against which the left ventricle contracts is referred to as?

A

Afterload

41
Q

The right atrium receives unoxygenated blood from which of the following Except:?

A

Right pulmonary veins

42
Q

The mitral valve apparatus includes all if the following structures Except:?

A

Non-coronary cusp

43
Q

In laminar flow, mean velocity is:?

A

Roughly equal to maximum velocity

44
Q

What is the interventricular septal motion in a patient with LBBB

A

Dyskinetic septal

45
Q

Which is the most anterior cardiac valve in the chest?

A

Pulmonic valve

46
Q

In fetal circulation the vessel that shunts blood R to L between pulmonary artery & aorta is?

A

Ductus arteriosus

47
Q

All of the following may result in jugular venous distension Except:?

A

Hypovolemia

48
Q

Which cardiac valve lies closest to the apex of the heart?

A

Tricuspid valve

49
Q

In PT’s with severe mitral stenosis what % of the left ventricle filling might be contributed by atrial systole?

A

50%. Abnormal with MS

50
Q

Each of the aortic valve cusps is associated with:?

A

A sinus of valsalva

51
Q

A pericardial effusion will be seen between these two layers?

A

Visceral & parietal

52
Q

Which of the following choices would not be used to correct for a pulsed wave Doppler aliasing?

A

Use a higher frequency probe

53
Q

In normal development which is the last to close?

A

Foramen ovale

54
Q

When using the PEDOF cw Doppler probe, the cardiac sonographer must rely on?

A

Spectral display in comparison to the EKG?

55
Q

A PT who has higher blood pressure in Right arm than the Left arm may have:?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

56
Q

On M-mode echo, late diastolic dip seen on the pulmonic valve is caused by:?

A

Pulmonic stenosis

57
Q

To perform cw Doppler using PEDOF probe, how many piezoelectric crystals are required?

A

Two

58
Q

The closed central portion of the interatrial septum in the adult is called?

A

Fossa ovalis

59
Q

Fetal blood H2o occurs in the?

A

Placenta

60
Q

What can you do to reduce ghosting in color Doppler?

A

Increase wall filter

61
Q

What causes a left Parasternal friction rub?

A

Pericarditis

62
Q

Another name for the right ventricular outflow tract?

A

Infundibulum

63
Q

In normal pressures, which valve lesion would have the lowest velocity?

A

Pulmonary regurg

64
Q

Best Doppler view to evaluate peak velocity of tricuspid regurg is?

A

Apical 4

65
Q

Which of the following increases left ventricular afterload?

A

Systemic hypertension

66
Q

The left ventricular diastolic pressure is comparable to what other pressure?

A

Mean left atrial pressure

67
Q

Which is the most posterior cardiac valve?

A

Mitral

68
Q

On M-mode echo the left atrial dimension is measured at?

A

End systole

69
Q

What type of murmur is associated with aortic stenosis?

A

Systolic crescendo/decrescendo

70
Q

The pressure in LV at end diastole is referred to as?

A

Preload

71
Q

A treatment for constrictive pericarditis is?

A

Pericardiectomy

72
Q

Causes for constrictive pericarditis are?

A

Chronic pericarditis, prior pericardiotomy, TB or tumor involvement, radiation therapy & long term steroid use

73
Q

Where should saline contrast be injected in order to diagnosis a persistent left superior vena cava ?

A

Left arm

74
Q

Which is the best echo view for assessing the anterior walls of the left ventricle?

A

Apical 2 chamber view

Adult Echocardiography (13 decks)

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