Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APA 2 New Stuff > Geriatrics > Flashcards

Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cardiovascular changes in the geriatric population?

A
  • Decrease in elasticity of arteries
  • Elevated afterload and SBP
  • Left ventricular hypertrophy
  • Adrenergic activity decreases
  • Decreased HR, both rest and max
  • Decreased baroreceptor response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much does the HR decline per year?

A

Decreases 1 beat/minute/year over the age of 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is there an increase or decreased risk of arrhythmias?

A

Increased, conduction system fibroses and loss of SA node cells increases the risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does atrial enlargement put geriatrics at risk for?

A

SVT and a-fib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which type of hypertrophy has increased volume?

A

Eccentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which type of hypertrophy has increased wall thickness?

A

Concentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is inhalation or IV induction faster in the elderly?

A

Inhalation because circulation time is slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 cardiovascular responses that are altered to blunted B-receptor response?

A

Decreased maximal HR and decreased peak ejection fraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do elderly patients increase their CO?

A

Increase in end-diastolic volume as opposed to HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the respiratory changes in the geriatric population?

A 
Decrease in elasticity of lungs
Decrease in alveolar surface area
Increased residual volume
Vent/Perfusion mismatch
Increased chest wall rigidity
Decreased cough
Blunted response to hypercapnea and hypoxia
Decreased max breathing capacity
Increased closing capacity and closing volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F: There is a collapse of small airways

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are elderly at an increased risk for aspiration?

A

Yes r/t decrease in airway reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to the FRC?

A

Increases slightly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens to the vital capacity?

A

Significantly decreases 25 ml/year starting at 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to residual volume and dead space?

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to total lung capacity?

A

Decreases with age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Does Vd/Vt ratio increase or decrease with age? And which equation do you use to find out?

A 
Increases because dead space increases
Bohr equation (Vd=dead space, Vt=tidal volume)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens to the gastric pH and emptying?

A

pH rises and gastric emptying slows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens to heat production?

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T/F: heat loss decreases

A

False, increases

21
Q

What are the 3 things that put the elderly population at risk regarding normothermia?

A

Decreased metabolic rate, decreased heat production, deficient thermostat control

22
Q

What happens to blood flow and GFR?

A

Decreases

23
Q

What happens to the mass of the kidney?

A

Decreases

24
Q

What happens to the concentration and dilution?

A

Both decreased

When they need to concentrate they can’t, when their body needs to dilute, they can’t

25
Q

Is drug excretion increased or decreased?

A

Decreased

26
Q

What happens to the renin-aldosterone response?

A

Decreased

27
Q

What is the renal cortex replaced with?

A

Fat and fibrotic tissue

28
Q

Is serum creatinine increased or decreased?

A

The same r/t decrease in muscle mass and decreased production of creatinine

29
Q

Does BUN increase or decrease?

A

Increases 0.2% mg/dl/year

30
Q

Do the elderly have increased or decreased risk for renal failure?

A

Increased risk d/t decreased blood flow to the kidneys

31
Q

What is the most specific test of renal failure?

A

24 hour serum creatinine clearance to assess GFR

32
Q

What happens to the cerebral blood flow and brain mass?

A

Both decrease

33
Q

What shows to preserve cognitive function?

A

Physical activity

34
Q

What leads to muscle atrophy?

A

Degeneration of peripheral nerves slows conduction and reactions

35
Q

Which thresholds increase in regards to the nervous system?

A 
Touch
Temperature
Pain
Proprioception
Hearing
Vision
36
Q

Are the dosages for locals and GAs increased or decreased?

A

Reduced

37
Q

What happens when you give the elderly an epidural?

A

Anesthetic tends to have a more cephalad spread

38
Q

Which type of drugs are the elderly very sensitive to?

A

Anticholinergics like scopolamine and atropine

39
Q

Relationship between drug dose and plasma concentrations

A

Pharmacokinetics

40
Q

Relationship between plasma concentrations and clinical effect

A

Pharmacodynamics

41
Q

There is a decrease in muscle mass and increase in body fat (more in women on body fat) so this leads to what?

A

Decreases total body water (effects water soluble drugs)
Reduced volume for water soluble drugs can lead to higher plasma concentrations
Conversely fat soluble drugs-with increased volume of distribution, can lower the plasma concentrations

42
Q

What happens to the MAC for the elderly?

A

Decrease 4% per decade after age 40

43
Q

Why does it take longer for the elderly to wake up?

A

Increased body fat
Decreased hepatic function
Decreased pulmonary gas exchange

44
Q

Most plasma proteins are unchanged, albumin slightly decreases, but what happens to alpha-1 glycoprotein?

A

AAG increases, this one binds with local anesthetics and opioids

45
Q

What is Progeria?

A

Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome

Premature aging

46
Q

When is progeria apparent?

A

After 6 months

47
Q

What types of s/s do patients with progeria show?

A 
Ischemic heart disease
HTN
Cerebrovascular disease
OA
DM
48
Q

What is the avg life expectancy of progeria?

A

13 years

49
Q

What are the airway difficulties with Progeria?

A

Mandibular hypoplasia (underdevelopment)
Micrognathis (small mandible)
Narrow glottis opening

APA 2 New Stuff (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions