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Exotics > Week Three: Reptile Nursing > Flashcards

Week Three: Reptile Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

What are chromatophores?

A

Scales that change color

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2
Q

What are chelonian scutes?

A

Scales on shells

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3
Q

What is the difference between snakes and legless lizards?

A

Snakes don’t have eyelids and legless lizards do.

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4
Q

Where are plastron bones on a chelonian?

A

Chest/bottom part of shell

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5
Q

Where are carapace bones on a chelonian?

A

On their back, big part of shell

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6
Q

What is tail autonomy?

A

Purposely detaching tail, may grow back

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7
Q

Where is the heart located in a snake that lives in a terrestrial/arboreal environment?
A marine/aquatic environment?

A

Closer to head

Closer towards center of body

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8
Q

Which lung is dominant in a snake?

A

Right

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9
Q

Where are the lungs in a chelonian?

A

In the carapace

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10
Q

What is the difference between oviparous and viviparous?

A

Oviparous: lay eggs
Viviparous: Carry babies inside with eggs, then when eggs hatch babies come out

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11
Q

What is the man part called on a reptile?

A

Hemipenes

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12
Q

Reptiles usually have eyelids and a nictating membrane, snakes do not. Instead they have…

A

Spectacle scale

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13
Q

What is the parietal (third) eye in some species for?

A

It is a light sensor, used to regulate day/night

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14
Q

What is Vomeronasal (Jacobson’s) organ?

A

Smell sensor in the roof of the mouth

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15
Q

What is the difference between a turtle and a tortoise?

A

Turtle: aquatic
Tortoise: terrestorian

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16
Q

Bearded Dragon

A

Lizard, Pogona (species)

Less than 2 ft long, do best in dry, land setups, 68-86F, omnivore

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17
Q

Boa

A

Snake
Common- Boa constrictor: up to 10 ft.
Rosy- Lichanura trivirgata: up to 3 ft

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18
Q

Box Turtle

A

Tortoise

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19
Q

Chameleon

A

Lizard; Veiled (Chamaeleo calyptratus), Jackson’s (Ch. jacksonii), Panther (Ch. Pardalis)

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20
Q

What does a Jackson’s chameleon look like?

A

Has horns

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21
Q

Colubrid

A 
Snake
King snake (Lampropeltis getula)
Corn snake (Elaphe guttata)
Rat snake (Elaphe obsolete)
Milk snake (Lampropeltis trangulum)
Garter snake (Thamnophis spp.)
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22
Q

Gecko

A

Lizard
Day (Phelsuma spp.)
Leaf-tailed (Uroplatus spp.)
Leopard (Eublepharis macularius)

Tail autonomy

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23
Q

Iguana

A 
Lizard
Green iguana (Iguana iguana)
Sizes over 6 ft., herbivore, can be very aggressive, tail autonomy
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24
Q

Monitor

A

Lizard
Nile (Varanus niloticus)
Savannah (V. exanthematicus)
Terrestrial carnivores, aggressive

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25
Q

Painted/Slider

A

Turtle

Most common water turtles kept as pets

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26
Q

Python

A

Snake
Ball (Python requis) or royals up to 5 ft.
Burmese (P. molarus bivattatus) up to 20 ft.
Green tree (Morelia chondrophython viridis) up to 6 ft.

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27
Q

Skink

A

Lizard
Blue tongue (Tiliqua spp.)
Omnivore

28
Q

Sulcata

A

Tortoise

AKA African spurred, males exceed 100 lb

29
Q

Tegu

A

Lizard

Tupinambis spp., large, primarily carnivores, may be aggressive

30
Q

Uromastyx

A

Lizard

Desert, land lizards, omnivores

31
Q

Water Dragon

A

Lizard
Physignathus coccinus
Do best in humid, arboreal setups, omnivores, can be aggressive and don’t like to be held

32
Q

What are some venomous retiles?

A

Lizards: Gila monster, Mexican beaded
Snakes: Rattlesnakes, water snakes

33
Q

How do you prepare for venomous patients?

A

Have antivenin available or hospitals contacted in preparation, use anesthesia for all procedures

34
Q

What is conspecific dominance aggression?

A

Aggression between the same species

35
Q

What are some things to keep in mind when housing reptiles?

A

Size, shape, substrate, and materials vary by species
Large enough for thermoregulation
Height is important for arboreal and length is important for terrestrial

36
Q

What do you need to keep in mind when picking out cage furniture for reptiles?

A

Climbing, basking, hiding, nesting, food and water

37
Q

What does POTZ stand for?

A

Preferred optimal temperature zone

38
Q

What is candling?

A

Looking for vascularity in the eggs

39
Q

What is pipping?

A

You breaking the eggs for the babies

40
Q

How should you transport reptiles?

A

Appropriately sized cages or crates, large snakes can be bagged or put in a plastic tub

41
Q

What are some pharmaceutical toxicities for reptiles?

A

Ivermectin and Metronidazone

42
Q

What are some common vitamin deficiencies in reptiles?

A

Vitamin B,E, and A
Selenium
Calcium

43
Q

When do reptiles get gout?

A

Too much Vitamin A

44
Q

What are some restraint tools for snakes?

A

Hooks or tubes

45
Q

What should you look for in reptiles during a physical exam?

A

Muscle mass of tail, sunken eyes, opening mouths, gravid females

46
Q

What are some ways of restraint for reptiles?

A

Plastic containers, or lifting chelonians

47
Q

What are some common injectable drugs for anesthetizing reptiles?

A 
Ketamine and telazol IM
Propofol IV or IO
Butorphanol IM
Isoflurane for inhalant
Sevoflurane may be used
48
Q

Where are some catheter sites for reptiles?

A

Medium to large lizards: Cephalic

Smaller lizards: Femoral IO, Tibial IO

49
Q

Where are some common venipunctures sites for reptiles?

A

Caudal tail vein, jugular for chelonians

50
Q

What are some tubes we use for assisted feeding in reptiles?

A

Pharyngostomy tube, red rubber, or cannula feeding

51
Q

Where would you administer subq injections in lizards?

A

Very uncommon but lateral scapular region

52
Q

Where would you administer subq injections in snakes and chelonians?

A

Wherever skin folds are visible (coiled snakes or skin folds of neck and legs in chelonians)

53
Q

Where are some common IM injection locations in reptiles?

A

Epaxial, triceps in large lizards

54
Q

Intracoelomic injection means the injection will go where on a lizard?

A

Right lower quadrant of abdomen

55
Q

How do you determine the sex of a reptile?

A

Anatomically, probing, or eversion/popping

56
Q

Where are the common routes of euthanasia in reptiles?

A

Either IO or IC

57
Q

What is dysecdesis?

A

General term for any issue with shedding

Retained shed on toes, tails, and eyes is a concern

58
Q

What is the most common disease in reptiles?

A

Metabolic Bone Disease

59
Q

____ should ALWAYS be treated as a serious issue in reptiles

A

Dyspnea

60
Q

What are some signs of GI obstruction and impaction in reptiles?

A

Anorexia, bloating, lethargy, weight loss, diarrhea, constipation

61
Q

What is a cloacal prolapse like?

A

Like a cows junk falling out. Clean it, lube it, stick it back in.

62
Q

What happens with dystocia?

A

Eggs are unable to pass

Calcium and oxytocin can be administered

63
Q

What are some internal parasites of reptiles?

A

Coccidia, hookworms, roundworms

64
Q

Weakened immunity in snakes can come from…

A

Husbandry, nutrition, stress, feeding techniques, trauma

65
Q

What is the most common zoonotic concern with reptiles?

A

Salmonellosis

caused by Salmonella spp.

Exotics (9 decks)

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