Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacy 1 > Exam 2 18 19 23 24 25 > Flashcards

Exam 2 18 19 23 24 25 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood pressure is calculated how?

A

CO x SVR

Cardiac output x Systemic vascular resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HTN is?

A

Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Normal blood pressure?

A

S120/D80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prehypertension is what pressure?

A

S120-139/D80-89

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stage 1 hypertension is?

A

S140-159/D90-99

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stage 2 hypertension is?

A

S160+/D100+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Beta blockers and Ace inhibitors have been found to be more effective in what patients?

A

White pts than in african american pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Calcium channel blockers and diuretics have been shown to be more effective in what pts?

A

African American than white pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 principal functions of the Autonomic Nervous system(ANS)?

A
  • Regulate the heart
  • Regulate secretory glands (salivary, gastric, sweat, and bronchial)
  • Regulate smooth muscles (bronchi, blood vessels, urogenital system, and GI tract)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2 basic categories of receptors?

A

PNS - Cholinergic receptors

SNS - Adrenergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cholinergic receptors are mediated by?

A

acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adrenergic receptors are mediated by?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Epinephrine is released by the?

A

adrenal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The predominant tone of vascular system is the ?

A

SNS “Adrenergic” system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some objectives of the SNS?

A
  • Maintenance of blood flow to the brain
  • Redistribution of blood flow during exercise
  • Compensation for loss of blood, primarily by causing vasoconstriction
  • Implementation of “fight-or-flight” reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The implementation of the fight or flight reaction includes what?

A
  • Increasing heart rate and blood pressure
  • Shunting blood away from the skin and viscera to the skeletal mm
  • Dilating the bronchi to improve oxygenation
  • Dilating the pupils to see better
  • Mobilizing stored energy thereby providing glucose for the brain and fatty acids for the muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neurotransmitter for the Adrenergic system?

A

Epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neurotransmitter for the cholinergic system?

A

acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The predominant tone of most organs except for vascular system is the?

A

PNS - Cholinergic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the Parasympathetic nervous system do? (PNS)

A

Regulatory functions:

  • Slowing the heart rate
  • Increased gastric secretion
  • Emptying the bladder
  • Emptying the bowel
  • Focusing the eye for near vision
  • Constricting the pupil
  • Contracting bronchial smooth muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Alpha blockers isn’t used a lot except?

A

used to treat HTN and benign prostatic hyperplasia ((BPH) - (relaxes smooth mm bladder))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Alpha blockers can decrease BP more when the pt is ?

A

standing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Give alpha lockers what time of day? and why?

A

night due to orthostatic hypotension and reflex tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Alpha 2 takes place in the ___? and inhibits what?

A

brain and will inhibit the norepinephrine and calm you down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Alpha agonist is used for?

A

Central acting paradoxically reduces SNS stimulation and also used for pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the drug used for pain?

A

clonindine (catapres)

27
Q

What are some adverse reactions of an catapres?

A
  • severe rebound HTN
  • serious if withdrawn in less than 3 days, PT ED is very important
  • drowsiness in 1/3 pts population
  • Teach the PT not to drive

SAFETY is the biggest concern

28
Q

Beta 1 affects?

A

affects the heart

29
Q

Beta 2 affects?

A

affects the lungs, also in skeletal muscles, also binds to epinephrine causing vasodilation

30
Q

Beta blockers block what?

A

beta 1 and 2

31
Q

Alpha 1 stimulated by ?

A

norepinephrine causing vasoconstriction

32
Q

Alpha 2 found in the?

A

brain and inhibits norepinephrine and helps calm you down

33
Q

One of the biggest side affects of prazosin (Minipress) is?

A

First dose syncope (1% lose of consciousness)

34
Q

Selective Beta Blockers blocks?

A

blocks b1 predominantly

35
Q

Metroprolol is the drug of choice for ?

A

selective BB

36
Q

Propranolol is the drug of choice for?

A

nonselective BB

37
Q

Propranolol will cause?

A

more effects on the entire body

38
Q

Nonselective BB blocks what?

A

both B1 and B2

39
Q

Adverse effects of a beta blockade?

A

They block 1 and 2.

Also SNS response won’t be available when needed during exercise and hypoglycemic episodes

40
Q

During a hypoglycemic episode, want can it trigger?

A

normally triggers stress response as signal to encourage eating

41
Q

Adverse effects of a beta 1 block?

A
  • There is an SA node block which leads to bradycardia
  • Negative inotrope leads to reduced cardiac output and can precipitate to HEART FAILURE
  • can cause AV heart block leads to heart rhythm changes
  • rebound cardiac excitation if withdrawn abruptly and can lead to dysrhythmias and agina
42
Q

If HR is less than 60, do we give Beta blockers?

A

NO, since this reduces HR, monitor for heart failure

43
Q

Coreg is ?

A

one of the newer drugs for heart failure

44
Q

Adverse effects of beta 2 blockade?

A
  • All of the B1 blockade SE AND
    -Bronchoconstriction
    CI for COPD and Asthma
    -Inhibits glycogenolysis
    (breakdown of glycogen to glucose
    for immediate use- B2B may cause hypoglycemia)
    -CNS side effects- fatigue, depression
45
Q

Nonselective B1 and B2 blocker drug is ?

A

propranolol (inderal)

46
Q

What is the drug of choice for initial hyperthyroidism?

A

Propranolol because it blocks the action of the thyroid hormone.

47
Q

Typical dose of propranolol?

A

60mg bid

48
Q

What are some precautions and warnings when pt is using propranolol and have diabetes?

A

HR slows down; masks hypoglycemia tachycardia

49
Q

What are some precautions and warnings when pt is using propranolol and have history of anaphylactic allergies?

A

Pts have issues with epinephrine

50
Q

What are some precautions and warnings when pt is using propranolol and have COPD or asthmatics?

A

It can make symptom worse

51
Q

What are some precautions and warnings when pt is using propranolol and have psychiatric disorders?

A

It can make depression worse

52
Q

What are some Drug interactions with nonselective B1 & B2 Blocker: propranolol?

A
  • Calcium channel blockers (CCB)

- Insulin

53
Q

What does CCB cause?

A
  • causes coronary artery vasodilation
  • cause peripheral arterial vasodilation, thus decreasing systemic vascular resistance
  • reduces the workload of the heart resulting in decreased myocardial oxygen demand
54
Q

What is a selective Beta 1 blocker?

A

Metoprolol (lopressor/Toprol XL)*

55
Q

When can a B1B become nonselective?

A

At high enough doses

56
Q

This drug is safer for asthma and anaphylaxis pts.

A

Selective B1B : Metoprolol

57
Q

3 Drug interactions with selective B1B Metoprolol?

A
  1. Sinus Bradycardia (<60HR)
  2. AV Block greater than 1st degree
  3. Heart Failure (HF)
58
Q

What is the 3rd generation Beta blocker? (BB)

A

Labetalol

59
Q

what does labetalol do?

A

blocks both alpha and beta receptors and vasodilates

60
Q

How is labetalol used?

A

Used IV to get BP down emergently

  • HTN crises
  • CVA needing thrombolytic tx
61
Q

What is the dose for labetalol?

A

-20mg IV over minimum 2 minutres

Freguently dilute and give over 10min

62
Q

When a pt has a HTN Urgency, why must you bring the blood pressure down over a few days?

A

To prevent end organ damage. If dropped to rapid can cause ischemia of the brain, heart, kidneys, and eyes, which are used to high pressure to perfuse them.

63
Q

What is the treatment (Tx) for HTN Urgency crisis?

A

ICU drugs - labetalol or hydralazine IV; esmolol or nitroprusside drip (ICU)

Pharmacy 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions