Anaesthetics

Question 0

Propofol

Answer 0

IV, sedation
Induction and/or maintenance general anaesthetic in adults and children
Most commonly used
Rapid recovery and less hangover effects than other IV anaesthetics
Pain on injection going up the arm can be reduced by using lidocaine too

S/E – bradycardia, hypotension, tachycardia, flushing, transient apnoea, hyperventilation/hiccups/coughing during induction, headache, nausea and vomiting
Dose – Induction using 0.5%-1% injection
Maintenance IV infusion - 1% injection4-12mg/kg/hour (adult)

Question 1

Etomidate

Answer 1

IV, sedation
General anaesthetic,
Rapid recovery and no hang over effects
Causes LESS hypotension!
Only used to induce as suppresses adrenocortical function
S/E – Nausea, vomiting, hypotension, apnoea, hyperventilation, strider, rash
Dose –

Question 2

Thiopentone

Answer 2

Thiopentone sodium
Induction of general anaesthesia

S/E – Hypotension, arrythmias, myocardial depression, laryngeal spasm, cough, sneezing, hypersensitivity reactions,
Dose – IV - 2.5% solution

Question 3

Desflurane

Answer 3

Inhalation anaesthetic
Volatile liquid anaesthetic
Rapid acting and rapid recovery, 1/5th potency of isoflurane
Irritant to upper respiratory tract so not used for induction, only maintenance

S/E – MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA, increase cerebrospinal pressure, hepatotoxicity, cardio respiratory depression, hypotension, arrythmias, respiratory irritant!
Dose – Maintenance only -

Question 4

Sevoflurane

Answer 4

More potent that desflurane
Rapid acting volatile liquid anaesthetic
Non irritant so often used for inhalation induction!!

S/E – MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA, increase cerebrospinal pressure, hepatotoxicity, cardio respiratory depression, hypotension, arrythmias, urinary retention, leukopenia,
Dose – Induction - through vaporiser
Maintenance - through vaporiser

Question 5

Isoflurane

Answer 5

Volatile liquid anaesthetic

S/E - can decrease systemic vascular resistance (arterial pressure and cardiac output decrease), MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA, increase cerebrospinal pressure, hepatotoxicity, cardio respiratory depression, hypotension, arrythmias, muscle relaxant effects

Dose – Induction
Maintenance

Question 6

Ketamine

Answer 6

Induction and maintenance (rarely) general anaesthetic

S/E – Nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, hypertension, arrythmias, hypotension, bradycardia, hyper salivation, larynogospasm, anxiety, insomnia

Dose – IM
IV