Chapter 11 - Physical Activity Status and Chronic Diseases

Question 1

a range around a relative risk estimate that refers to the probability that the range includes the true value of the relative risk estimate

Answer 1

confidence interval (CI)

Question 2

a relationship between two variables in which any increase or change in one variable is associated with a corresponding change in the other variable. A dose-response relationship does not have to be linear, but it can follow several patterns (e.g. curvilinear, quadratic)

Answer 2

dose-response relationship

Question 3

the study of the distribution and determinants of disease or injury

Answer 3

epidemiology

Question 4

a study in which subjects are assigned to undergo an intervention to test the strength of that intervention on previously selected outcome variables, such as cardiorespiratory fitness, serum levels of lipids or lipoproteins, parameters of insulin action, bone mineral density, muscle strength and endurance, or the like. The best intervention studies are those that randomly assign study subjects to treatment assignment, one of which is a null intervention assignment, or control group, which are carried out in parallel. These are referred to as randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) and carry the highest level of evidence relating an activity or intervention to prespecified outcomes

Answer 4

intervention study

Question 5

a behavior that is any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that substantially increases energy expenditure

Answer 5

physical activity

Question 6

a behavioral state of not achieving, on a regular basis, a certain minimal common standard of physical activity

Answer 6

physical inactivity

Question 7

an attained set of attributes (i.e. cardiorespiratory endurance; flexibility; body composition; and skeletal muscle endurance, and strength) that relates to the ability to perform physical activity

Answer 7

physical fitness

Question 8

the risk of disease or injury in one group compared with another group. The two groups usually differ in terms of one or more key factors (e.g. physical activity levels). usually expressed as a risk ratio comparing incidence or prevalence rates among two groups

Answer 8

relative risk (RR)