258 multi

Question 1

Which of the following is not a stressor?

a. Attending a work interview
b. Winning the lottery
c. Watching a movie
d. Self-talk

Answer 1

c. Watching a movie

Question 2

Stress and health can be viewed as:

a. stimulus, response and consequence
b. stimulus and response
c. response, stimulus and process
d. none of the above

Answer 2

c. response, stimulus and process

Question 3

Common physical symptoms of stress are:

a. shaking
b. dry mouth, palpitations and insomnia
c. dry mouth, palpitations, appetite changes and insomnia
d. sweating

Answer 3

c. dry mouth, palpitations, appetite changes and insomnia

Question 4

The activation of the endocrine system upon stress results in:

a. elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate and dilated pupils
b. elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate, diverted blood supply and dilated pupils
c. the secretion of cortisol
d. the secretion of catecholamines

Answer 4

c. the secretion of cortisol

Question 5

The two Whitehall studies found that:

a. members of parliament in the UK smoked more because of stress
b. members of parliament in the UK were stressed
c. low control over work predicted heart disease
d. higher status civil servants had more heart disease

Answer 5

c. low control over work predicted heart disease

Question 6

What is a phase of the GAS?

a. Resistance
b. Exhaustion
c. Alarm reaction
d. All the above

Answer 6

d. All the above

Question 7

What is a limitation of Hans Selye’s work on stress?

a. He did not consider burnout.
b. He ignored disease models.
c. He did not include anticipated or imagined threats.
d. He did not come up with an anti-vaccine.

Answer 7

c. He did not include anticipated or imagined threats.

Question 8

What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

a. Catecholamines increase upon immediate stress.
b. Cortisol increase upon immediate stress.
c. Arousal and performance relate in a U-curve.
d. Arousal and stress relate in a U-curve.

Answer 8

c. Arousal and performance relate in a U-curve.

Question 9

Which of the following areas can have protective functions?

a. Genetic
b. Political events
c. Community events
d. All of the above

Answer 9

d. All of the above

Question 10

In the 1970s, health promotion initiatives included:

a. health education and counselling regarding lifestyle changes
b. illness prevention
c. lifestyle education such as stress management
d. all of the above

Answer 10

d. all of the above

Question 11

In the 1980s, what became important in health promotion?

a. Changing the societal and political environment
b. Social marketing methods
c. More intuitive counselling for lifestyle
d. Personal trainers for lifestyle

Answer 11

a. Changing the societal and political environment

Question 12

Population interventions are referred to as:

a. upstream
b. midstream
c. downstream
d. none of the above

Answer 12

a. upstream

Question 13

If we were to ban the growing and sale of tobacco using government policy, this would be referred to as:

a. upstream
b. midstream
c. downstream
d. none of the above

Answer 13

a. upstream

Question 14

Going to your GP when you are sick refers to _____ intervention.

a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. none of the above

Answer 14

b. secondary

Question 15

Finding ways to help care for MS sufferers refers to _____ intervention.

a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. none of the above

Answer 15

c. tertiary

Question 16

Most but not all tertiary interventions are:

a. upstream
b. midstream
c. downstream
d. none of the above

Answer 16

c. downstream

Question 17

Why is behaviour as important as diseases for health professionals?

a. Because behaviours can lead to diseases and also lead to improvements in diseases.
b. Because behaviour causes disease.
c. Because we can change it but we cannot changes diseases.
d. Because it provides more employment for health practitioners.

Answer 17

a. Because behaviours can lead to diseases and also lead to improvements in diseases.

Question 18

Which is not one of the main theories of psychology?

a. Pan-theoretic behaviour change
b. Behavioural and learning theories
c. Cognitive psychology
d. Health belief model

Answer 18

a. Pan-theoretic behaviour change

Question 19

The three major learning/conditioning theories in psychology are:

a. classical, operant and consequential
b. classical, baroque and social
c. classical, operant and behavioural
d. classical, operant and social

Answer 19

d. classical, operant and social

Question 20

What are the three components of operant conditioning?

a. Antecedents, behaviours and consequence
b. Antecedents, behaviours and conditioning
c. Antecedents, operants and conditioning
d. Antecedents, operants and classical conditioning

Answer 20

a. Antecedents, behaviours and consequence

Question 21

What are the three components of a behavioural change program?

a. Stop, look, listen
b. Finding the antecedents, watching the behaviour and noting the consequences
c. Noting the antecedents, watching the behaviour and finding the consequences
d. Selecting the target behaviour, identifying the current contingencies, and measuring and recording behaviour

Answer 21

d. Selecting the target behaviour, identifying the current contingencies, and measuring and recording behaviour

Question 22

Cognitive theories propose:

a. other people’s behaviour is guided by what we think of them
b. our behaviour is guided by what people think about us
c. we are not affected by things but by our perceptions of things
d. our cognitive processes affect our thinking

Answer 22

c. we are not affected by things but by our perceptions of things

Question 23

The health belief model is an example of which psychological theory?

a. Behavioural and learning theories
b. Cognitive psychology
c. Learning theories only
d. Behaviour theories only

Answer 23

b. Cognitive psychology

Question 24

What does the theory of planned action add to previous cognitive theories of behaviour change?

a. The individuals perceived ability to make the changes
b. Planning of actions
c. Acting on plans
d. The individuals perceived plans for changes

Answer 24

a. The individuals perceived ability to make the changes

Question 25

The main addition of the transtheoretical model of behavioural change to other models is: a. people move forward through stages of change b. it includes all the other theories within it c. that there are stages of change and interventions must be appropriate to the stage d. all the above

Answer 25

c. that there are stages of change and interventions must be appropriate to the stage

Question 26

Which theory emphasises the importance of people learning by modelling what others do? a. Operant conditioning b. Social learning theory c. Health belief model d. Classical belief model

Answer 26

b. Social learning theory

Question 27

The therapeutic triad includes qualities important for a counselling relationship and was proposed by: a. Hall b. Carl Rogers c. Heidegger d. Egan

Answer 27

b. Carl Rogers

Question 28

The therapeutic triad includes: a. genuineness, acceptance, empathy b. helping, friendship, genuineness c. sensitivity, understanding, helpfulness d. acceptance, physical closeness, sensitivity

Answer 28

a. genuineness, acceptance, empathy

Question 29

One way to help people to talk or engage in conversation is to: a. provide lollies b. ask open-ended questions c. look at the floor when someone starts to talk d. close your eyes when you ask a question

Answer 29

b. ask open-ended questions

Question 30

Saying things like ‘uh huh’ or ‘oh?’ or nodding your head or leaning forward are sometimes called: a. empathy b. annoying, and should be avoided c. minimal encouragers and help facilitate conversation d. non-verbal communication

Answer 30

c. minimal encouragers and help facilitate conversation

Question 31

Death of a family member or close friend, or losing everything in a bushfire or other natural disaster, are sometimes called: a. major losses b. minor losses c. life threatening d. grief

Answer 31

a. major losses

Question 32

Becoming unemployed and experiencing financial stress and family difficulties as a result of a chronic health condition are referred to as: a. inconvenient b. secondary loss c. chronic stress d. all of the above

Answer 32

b. secondary loss

Question 33

Weenolsen’s five levels of loss are: a. primary, secondary, tertiary, imposed and external b. internal, external, direct, indirect and chosen c. primary, secondary, tertiary, anger, denial d. primary, secondary, holistic, self-conceptual, metaphorical

Answer 33

d. primary, secondary, holistic, self-conceptual, metaphorical

Question 34

The grief that people experience when they incur a loss that is not or cannot be openly acknowledged, publicly mourned or socially supported is called: a. holistic loss b. external loss c. internal loss d. disenfranchised loss and grief

Answer 34

d. disenfranchised loss and grief

Question 35

Ongoing loss and grief, such as that parents might experience when they have children with developmental disabilities, is known as: a. disenfranchised loss and grief b. ambiguous loss c. nonfinite loss or chronic sorrow d. none of the above

Answer 35

c. nonfinite loss or chronic sorrow

Question 36

The condition in which people are born without the ability to feel pain and therefore have no automatic warning system of injury is called: a. congenital analgesia b. episodic analgesia c. phantom limb pain d. nociception

Answer 36

a. congenital analgesia

Question 37

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage, is: a. biopsychosocial b. pain c. analgesia d. none of the above

Answer 37

b. pain

Question 38

An increase in the responsiveness of central neurons with continued transmission of noxious information from the periphery is known as: a. central sensitisation b. neuropathy c. responsive neurons d. all of the above

Answer 38

a. central sensitisation

Question 39

Research techniques that have been used to study neural representations of pain include: a. Immunohistochemical techniques b. PET or MRI c. VBM or injection of dyes or markers into nerves or supraspinal structures d. all of the above

Answer 39

d. all of the above

Question 40

The three main cognitive factors that will influence the pain experience are: a. intensity, duration and frequency b. attention, expectations and appraisals c. emotions, affectivity and attention d. social, emotional and behavioural

Answer 40

b. attention, expectations and appraisals

Question 41

the term that describes the idea that human behaviour is determined by genetics and biology is :

Answer 41

Nature

Question 42

the theory that behaviour is driven by the unconscious mind is known as :

Answer 42

Psychoanalytic

Question 43

internalising the moral stands of society is frauds idea of :

Answer 43

Superego

Question 44

Freuds views of the unconscious influences on behaviour have been criticised because :

Answer 44

it is difficult to test there is little good evidence to support them does not give an accurate account of women

Question 45

Changing what individuals do because of the consequences of their behaviour is known as:

Answer 45

Operant conditioning

Question 46

the convergence of interests between humanistic and cognitive model psychology is called what type of psychology approach ?

Answer 46

eclectic

Question 47

sociological theories tend to focus on

Answer 47

Social forces in society demographic factors group behaviour

Question 48

the clearest example of a nature theory is :

Answer 48

biomedical model

Question 49

In western societies today , the main causes of illness and death are related to :

Answer 49

Individual lifestyles.

Question 50

The World health Organisation describes health as a state of complete

Answer 50

physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 51

To generate living and working conditions that are safe, stimulating, satisfying, and enjoyable is the action relating to which of the Ottawa Charter strategies ?

Answer 51

Create supportable environments

Question 52

the social gradient, stress, early life experiences, social exclusion, work, unemployment, social support , addiction, food and transport have been identified by WHO as the top 10 :

Answer 52

Social determinants of health

Question 53

``` which are likely to be potent social determinants of health ? A. Unemployment B. Social exclusion C. Poverty D. All of the above ```

Answer 53

D. All of the above

Question 54

what is one important implication of treating health as a human right ?

Answer 54

individuals often have little control over the social determinants

Question 55

Health can be improved through :

Answer 55

Strong neighbourhoods

Question 56

Stress is a :

Answer 56

Physical and psychological reaction of an individual to events that are challenging or stressful

Question 57

Stress can be viewed as a :

Answer 57

Stimulus, Response and process

Question 58

Common Psychological symptoms of stress are :

Answer 58

Pessimism

Question 59

When a person experiences Stress , their adrenal glands secrete noradrenaline and adrenalin which then leads to

Answer 59

elevated blood pressure, increased hr , and dilated pupils

Question 60

the activation of the endocrine system upon stress results in:

Answer 60

the secretion of cortisol

Question 61

Hans Selye is famous in stress research for finding out

Answer 61

there is a general reaction to stress regardless of the type

Question 62

``` what is a phase of the General Adaption Syndrome GAS? A. Resistance B. Exhaustion C. Alarm Reaction D. All of the above ```

Answer 62

D All of the above

Question 63

Protective factors in health promotion refer to

Answer 63

factors that reduce the exposure to risk and hence the effects of health risk

Question 64

Population interventions are referred to as :

Answer 64

Upstream

Question 65

Community interventions are referred to as :

Answer 65

Midstream

Question 66

Primary prevention refers to :

Answer 66

Preventing illness before it occurs

Question 67

Going to your GP when you are sick is referred to as:

Answer 67

Secondary intervention

Question 68

Tobacco smoking is the most

Answer 68

preventable cause of diseases and death in australia

Question 69

What are health behaviours ?

Answer 69

Actions that improve or weaken an individuals health

Question 70

What are the 3 components of a behavioural change program ?

Answer 70

Selecting the target behaviour, identifying the current contingencies and measuring and recording behaviour

Question 71

Which theory emphasises the importance of people learning by modelling what others do ?

Answer 71

Social learning theory

Question 72

What are the 3 components of operant conditioning ?

Answer 72

Antecedents, behaviours, and consequences

Question 73

cognitive theories propose

Answer 73

people are not affected by things, but by their own perception of things

Question 74

The Health belief model is an example of which psychological theory ?

Answer 74

Cognitive psychology

Question 75

the 3 main cognitive factors that will influence the pain experience are

Answer 75

Attention, expectations and appraisals

Question 76

4 types of social support that promote recovery

Answer 76

Emotional Support - empathy, concern and comfort Esteem Support - encouragement, validate feelings Instrumental support - direct - loaning money Information support - giving advice Network support - being a member of a group

Question 77

Social determinants of health

Answer 77

employment , transport, culture, family structure, support network, family, friends, politics, religion , social support , early life