5.8 - Growth of Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Define Colony

A

Population of cells arising from a single cell of endospore, or from a group of attached cells.

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2
Q

Define pure culture

A

Only one species or strain of bacteria

-Aids in ID by characteristic colony color, shape, texture, size

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3
Q

Define mixed culture

A

Multiple strains or species of bacteria

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4
Q

Explain Obligate Aerobes oxygen use and if they have SOD and Catalase

A

Have both SOD and Catalase

Example: Mycrobacterium tuberculosis

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5
Q

Explain Facultative anaerobes oxygen use and if they have SOD and Catalase

A

have both SOD and Catalase

Example: Escherichia coli

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6
Q

Explain Microaerophiles oxygen use and if they have SOD and Catalase

A
  • Damaged by normal atm. levels O2 levels (above 20%), needs 2-10% O2 levels
  • Usually has SOD and Catalase in very low concentrations
  • Example Helicobacter pylori
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7
Q

Explain Obligate/Strict anaerobes oxygen use and if they have SOD and Catalase

A

Usually lack both SOD and Catalase

Example: Clostridium

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8
Q

Explain Aerotolerant anaerobes oxygen use and if they have SOD and Catalase

A
  • Ignore O2
  • Usually have SOD and lack Catalase
  • Example: Propionibacterium acnes
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9
Q

Superoxide Dismutase oxygen derivatives reaction equation

A

2 (02) + 2H –> O2 + H202

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10
Q

Catalase oxygen derivatives reaction equation

A

2 H2O2 –> 2 (H2O) + 02

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11
Q

Define Fastidious

A

If the bacteria requires many micronutrients or growth factors, they are considered fastidious

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12
Q

Define Complex media

A

Supports growth of wide variety bacteria

-Example nutrient agar

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13
Q

Define Enriched media

A

Addition of sterols, blood, serum, serum, egg yolk

Example: Sheep blood agar, Chocolate agar

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14
Q

Sheep blood agar used for?

A

Most clinically important Gr+ and Gr-

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15
Q

Chocolate agar used for?

A
  • Heated lysed blood

- Fastidious organisms such as Neisseria gonorrhoea or Haemophilus influenzae

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16
Q

Define Selective Media

A

Ingredients that inhibit growth of some organisms but allow others to grow

17
Q

Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)

A
  • High Concentration of NaCl (7.5%)
  • Inhibits growth of most organisms but permits staphylococci to grow.
  • Yellow color on altar indicates the bacterial species can ferment mannitol.
18
Q

MacConkey agar

A
  • Bile salts, dye crystal violet
  • Inhibits growth of gram positive bacteria and selects for gram negative (but not fastidious gram negative)
  • Lactose fermenters and pH indicator, allows for differentiation of Gram negative based on their ability to ferment lactose (turns pink for lactose fermentors)
19
Q

What are the four stages of the bacterial growth curve?

A

Lag, Log, Stationary, and Death phases

20
Q

Define Lag phase of bacterial Growth curve?

A

Cells synthesizing new macromolecules

21
Q

Define Log phase of Bacterial Growth curve?

A
  • Cell growing and dividing at maximal rate possible given their genetic potential and the local environment.
  • Dividing and doubling at regular intervals.
22
Q

Define Stationary Phase?

A
  • Total number of viable cells remains constant.
  • Nutrient limitation, accumulation of toxic wastes, depletion of O2.
  • Endospore formation
  • Secondary metabolite synthesis. e.g. toxins, antibiotics
23
Q

Define Death Phase?

A

Decrease in number viable cells often exponential

24
Q

What is the best phase for harvest of useful products in the bacterial growth curve?

A

Stationary phase

25
Q

Which phase in the bacterial growth curve is the least resistant to antibiotics?

A

Stationary phase

26
Q

What phase in the bacterial growth curve is the most sensitive to antibiotics?

A

Log/Lag

27
Q

What phase is has the most DNA replication?

A

Lag phase

28
Q

What phase involves the plasma membrane?

A

Log phase

29
Q

What is the primary way that bacteria get cellular energy?

A

Oxidizing carbs.

-Glucose is the most common carb, proteins and lips can also be used.

30
Q

What are the main to ways to get energy from carbohydrates?

A

Cellular respiration and fermentation

31
Q

Which method of anaerobic bacteria of medical importance use what method of energy production?

A

Fermentation

32
Q

Define Glycolysis

A
  • Any metabolic process that releases energy from a sugar or other organic molecule, does not require O2, (but can occur in the presence of O2) or an electron transport system, and uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor
  • Does not use Krebs cycle or E.T.C.
33
Q

Main points of Prokaryotic anaerobic respiration?

A
  • Energy generating mode for some anaerobic bacteria
  • Inorganic compounds other than O2 serve as final acceptors (Ex: Nitrate)
  • Can be used as an alternative to aerobic respiration in facultative organisms.
  • Yields less energy than aerobic respiration.
34
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced during fermentation?

A

1) 1-2 ATP

2) Most energy from starting material remains in bonds of organic end products… thus not completely oxidized.

35
Q

Define Biofilm as a virulence strategy?

A

1) Antibiotic-resistance strategy
2) 65-80% human infections developed countries
3) Examples: Caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, otitis media, sinusitis, prostatitis, native valve endocarditis, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis, catheter/shunt infections, heart valve/prosthetic implant infections

36
Q

What is planktonic phenotype?

A

‘Free floating’, may be motile

37
Q

What changes to the bacteria happen once a biofilm is formed?

A
  • Attached to a surface, loss of flagella.

- They are sticky, slimy, and tenacious.

38
Q

Are biofilms made of only one type of bacteria?

A

No, they are mixed, heterogeneous, dynamic, slime covered cities.