Auditory/Vestibular Apparatus & GSA Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Fibers that terminate at the caudal colliculus are for which reflex?

A

The Startle Reflex

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2
Q

Fivers that terminate at the auditory cortex are for?

A

The Primary Auditory Pathway

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3
Q

Where do descending pathways of the Startle Reflex go to?

A

Go to LMNs of skeletal muscles of the limbs

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4
Q

The Auditory is for _______ perception of sound.

A

Conscious perception

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5
Q

Trace the Auditory Pathway starting at the cochlear nuclei.

A

From cochlear nuclei (ipsilaterally and contralaterally)

  • -> Caudal colliculi (via Olivary Nuclei)
  • -> Medial Geniculate Nuclei (MGN)
  • ->Auditory Cortex for conscious perception of sound
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6
Q

When sound cannot get from ear to vestibular window due to disease, damage, or obstruction (like an ear infection) is associated with what type of deafness?

A

Conduction Deafness

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7
Q

When sound gets to the vestibular window but cannot be transmitted to the auditory cortex

A

Sensorineural Deafness

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8
Q

Deafness associated with damage to the cochlea, cochlear nerves, central auditory pathway, or auditory cortex

A

Sensorineural Deafness

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9
Q

What is Prebycusis?

A

Deafness of old age- a type of Sensorineural Deafness

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10
Q

Ototoxic drugs can cause what kind of deafness?

A

Sensorineural Deafness

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11
Q

Which type of deafness is reversible?

A

Conduction Deafness

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12
Q

What kind of reflexes are associated with the Vestibular System?

A

Motor reflexes

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13
Q

What is the major goal of the vestibular system?

A

To maintain a stable orientation in relation to gravity and motion

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14
Q

What does the vestibular system sense?

A

Balance and Acceleration

“The guy in the VEST is a BA (badass)”

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15
Q

The Vestibular System is also called what?

A

Special Proprioception

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16
Q

The vestibular system compares the positions of the eyes, limbs, neck and trunk to the position and movement of the _______.

A

Head

17
Q

Axons of neurons from the utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals form which nerve?

A

The vestibular nerve

18
Q

What drives the reflexes of the vestibular system to re-orient or balance the body?

A

The ASYMMETRY of the inputs going from Cranial Nerve 8 to the vestibular nuclei in the hindbrain

19
Q

What 3 locations does info from vestibular nuclei go to?

A
  1. Motor nuclei of CN 3,4, and 6
  2. Through the cerebellum
  3. Thalamus and then Cortex
20
Q

To control EYE MOVEMENT in response to vestibular movement, signals from the vestibular nuclei are sent where?

A

To the motor nuclei of CN 3, 4, and 6

21
Q

The ________ receives info from the vestibular nuclei in order to control posture and balance.

A

Cerebellum

22
Q

The cerebellum carries out 2 reflexes. Name them.

A
Vestibulospinal Reflex (Trunk stability)
Vestibulocollic Reflex (Head and Neck stability)
23
Q

Describe the vestibular pathway for control of EYE MOVEMENTS

A

CN8 –> Vestibular Nuclei–> Via Ascending MLF–> CN-3,4,6

This is bilateral, ipsilateral and contralateral

MLF= Medial longitudinal fasciculus in the brainstem

24
Q

Describe the vestibular pathway for control of POSTURE and BALANCE

A

CN8–> Vestibular Nuclei–> Cerebellum–> MVT or LVT

MVT: medial vestibulospinal tract- Bilateral
LVT: lateral vestibulospinal tract- Ipsilateral

25
Q

Describe the vestibular pathway for conscious perception of movements

A

CN8–> Vestibular Nuclei–> Thalamus–> Via thalamocortical (bilateral) pathway–> Cortex

26
Q

What is tested in the Tracking Test?

A

The vestibulo-ocular reflex

27
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

The slow movement of eyes as they are catching up to movement of the head

28
Q

What types of nystagmus are indicative of vestibular disease?

A

Resting nystagmus and

Positional nystagmus

29
Q

What is Estropia?

A

Crossed eyes- physiological nystagmus

Siamese and Himalayan cats

30
Q

A unilateral lesion causes resting nystagmus. The fast phase of the vestibulo-ocular reflex goes towards the _____ side.

A

intact side

31
Q

The fast phase of the vestibulo-ocular reflex goes away from the _______ side.

A

lesioned

32
Q

What kind of nystagmus is seen in an animal with a peripheral vestibular lesion?

A

Horizontal or Rotatory Nystagmus ONLY

Does NOT change when head moves, not positional

33
Q

What kind of nystagmus is seen in an animal with a central vestibular lesion?

A

Horizontal, Rotatory or Vertical Nystagmus

MAY CHANGE when animal is in recumbancy, may be positional

34
Q

What does the Vestibulocollic Reflex do?

A

Produces neck movements and forelimb extension to counteract head tilt

35
Q

What is a unilateral lesion?

A

When one side fires and one side does not, or is impaired

36
Q

What happens to the vestibulocollic reflex when there is a unilateral lesion?

A

Controlled by cerebellum

Head tilts towards LESIONED side

37
Q

What is the Vestibulospinal reflex responsible for?

A

Controlled by cerebellum

To prevent falling when head moves by producing limb extension

38
Q

If there is a unilateral lesion, what happens to the vestibulospinal reflex?

A

The animal will lean or circle toward the side of the lesion

39
Q

What problem is associated with the Emetic Center?

A

Motion sickness