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Cyber Trans > Block 6 1A > Flashcards

Block 6 1A Flashcards

0
Q

What are the four internetworking challenges?

A

Connectivity
Reliable service
Network management
Flexibility

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1
Q

A _______________ is a connection of INDIVIDUAL NETWORKS, connected by intermediate by intermediate devices that function as a single large network.

A

Internetwork

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2
Q

What are the two common devices used to address and overcome some of the internetworking challenges?

A

Routers and switches

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3
Q

In network segmentation… routers and switches are used to segment a network into separate _____________ and separate ___________________.

A

Collision domains

Broadcast domains

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4
Q

What is a group of devices connected to the same physical media so that when two devices try to access the media at the same time, the two signals will collide with each other and destroy and data stream?

A

Collision domain

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5
Q

Ethernet (802.3) utilities a process called __________ to prevent more than one device accessing the network cable at any one time and reduce the number of collisions.

A

CSMA/CD

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6
Q

A _______________ is a PORTION of the network, limited by its router connection to a specific group of host computers in a common LAN segment.

A

Broadcast domain

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7
Q

Comm between devices on the broadcast domain are via

A

Data link layer address (MAC)

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8
Q

All host in the broadcast domain share a common limited or local broadcast scheme of

A

255.255.255.255

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9
Q

All host in the broadcast domain also share a common logical network layer scheme( directed broadcast) also called a ___________.

A

Subnet

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10
Q

Actual communication across an internetwork is made possible by using _____________.

A

Communication protocols

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11
Q

What is the worlds most popular open-system (nonproprietary) protocol suite because they can be used to communicate across any set of interconnect networks and are equally well suited for LAN and WAN comm?

A

Internet protocols (also called the TCP/IP protocol suite)

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12
Q

Address schemes vary depending on the ___________ and the ____________.

A

Protocol family, OSI Layer

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13
Q

How many physical network connections do host have?

A

One (thus have only one data-link address)

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14
Q

What is an internetworking device that typically has multiple physical network connections?

A

Router (this having multiple data-link addresses.)

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15
Q

___________ addresses usually exist within hierarchical address space and are called virtual or logical address.

A

Network address

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16
Q

The relationship between a network address and a device is ____________

A

Logical and unfixed

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17
Q

What are Protocols within a protocol suite that are responsible for providing the LOGICAL ADDRESSING that routers use to determine where to send the data packet on its way to the destination network?

A

Routed protocols

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18
Q

Which encapsulates data to be sent over the network ?

A

Routed

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19
Q

What protocols build routing tables?

A

Routing protocols

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20
Q

Where do routed protocols occur?

A

Upper 5 layers of the OSI model

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21
Q

It’s two primary responsibilities are providing Connectionless, best effort delivery of packets through an internetwork based on Logical address and providing fragmentation and reassembly of packets to support data links with different MTU sizes.

A

Internet protocol (IP)

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22
Q

Packets at the receiving computer after crossing a network are identified as belonging to the same group by _____________.

A

Common identifier number

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23
Q

What protocol is designed for address resolution which is the process of mapping IP network addresses to to MAC addresses?

A

Address resolution protocol (ARP)

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24
Q

Protocols that enables network devices to learn MAC and network later address of other network devices.
Also functions as keep alives to ensure a connected router is functional.

A

Hello protocols

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25
Q

A network layer internet management protocol that provides message packets to report errors and other information regarding packet processing back to the source.

A

ICMP

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26
Q

This can used to test IP through the network. It sends an ICMP echo request to a destination IP address. If the destination machine receives the request it responds with an ICMP echo reply.

A

Ping

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27
Q

What are routing protocols responsible for?

A

Path determination(layer 3) and packet switching (layer 2)

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28
Q

____________ calls for routed to be calculated automatically at regular intervals by software in routing tables.

A

Dynamic routing

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29
Q

An IP routing table, which consist of destination address/next hop pairs, is used to enable _______________.

A

Dynamic routing

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30
Q

Do routers monitor whether packets get to their final destination?

A

No

31
Q

Does IP provide for error reporting back to the source when routing anomalies occur?

A

No

32
Q

Internet routing devices have traditionally been called ____________. Within the routing world this refers to routers that perform routing protocol functions between machines.

A

Gateway

33
Q

A collection of networks under a common administration that share a common routing strategy.

A

Autonomous system (AS)

34
Q

___________ routers are used for information exchange within autonomous systems.

Uses RIP,IGRP,OSPF,EIGRP

A

Interior gateway

35
Q

____________ routers are used to move information between autonomous systems.

Uses BGP

A

Exterior gateway

36
Q

The act of moving information across a packet switching internetwork from a source to a destination?

A

Routing

37
Q

What are used to connect one LAN segment to another LAN segment within a routing domain and to connect an administrative area to other remote areas?

A

Routers

38
Q

What are the 3 methods of path determination?

A

Routing metrics
Routing algorithms
Routing tables

39
Q

A mathematical formula used to calculate the cost in network resources associated with a specific pathway to a destination network.

Initialize and maintain routing tables.

A

Routing algorithms

40
Q

A standard unit of measurement such as path lengths that is used by routing algorithms to determine the optimal path to a destination.

A

Routing metrics

41
Q

Electronic tables or databases containing updated information about available networks

A

Routing tables

42
Q

What are the two ways routers communicate?

A

Broadcast and multicast

43
Q

A message that generally consists of sending a whole routing table to all directly connected neighbor routers

A

Broadcast

44
Q

A message sent between routers throughout a network to inform other routers of the STATE of the senders LINKS

A

Multicast

45
Q

As the packet moves through the internetwork it’s later 2 (mAc) address are __________ but is layer 3(network ) address ____________.

A

Changed

Remains constant

46
Q

Reasons for packet destruction

A
  1. Version # in packet header is wrong
  2. Time to live counter expires
  3. bit error or checksum (CRC) is wrong
  4. DOD security bits are set And Pc is unauthorized
  5. If packet must be fragmented In order and “allow fragmentation flag” has not been set.
47
Q

What are the 3 external router components

A

Console port
Auxiliary port
Network interfaces

48
Q

This router component allows you to configure the router remotely using a modem. Must be configured.

Configured through the console port or any network interfaces.

A

Auxiliary port

49
Q

This router component allows you to configure the router locally by providing direct access to the router using a computer running terminal emulation software.

Does not have to be configured.

A

Console port

50
Q

This router component is located on the motherboard or on separate interface modules.

A

Network interfaces

51
Q

What are the four internal components and what are they used for?

A

1.ROM- diagnostics and boot up stored
2.FLASH- manufactures memory that holds the IOS.
3.NVRAM-store the startup-configuration file
4. RAM-working memory for the router
Contains configuration file, a copy of iOS, routing tables and any associated data.

52
Q

Sends packets to a destination using the same or single path.

A

Single- Path algorithms

53
Q

In this algorithm system all routers are peers of all others.
Must use the same subnet mask since it’s not included in the routing table

A

Flat algorithms

54
Q

Called classless and supports VLSM.. Must include subnet mask….
Primary advantage is that it mimics the structure of most organizations and supports their system.

A

Hierarchical algorithms

55
Q

Only used within a routing domain.

Used to exchange info within an autonomous system or routing domain

A

Intra-domain

56
Q

Use with exterior gateway protocol.

Exchanges information within an between autonomous.

A

Inter-domain algorithms

57
Q

Defined by the system administrator only as the only path to the destination.

A

Static routes

58
Q

Defined by the system admin as the path to take when no route to the destination is known. Gateway of last resort.

A

Static route

59
Q

A network layer protocol that exchanges information packets with other Internetwork routers in order to build and maintain a routing table.

Learned paths from other routers

A

Dynamic learned routers

60
Q

The most common routing metric

A

Path length

61
Q

Refers to dependability of each network link

A

Reliability

62
Q

Refers to the length of time required to move a packet from source to destination through the Internetwork

A

Delay

63
Q

Available traffic capacity of a link

A

Bandwidth

64
Q

Refers to the degree to which a network resource, such as a router, is busy.

A

Load

65
Q

Send packets to a destination using the same or Singlepath unless there is a topology change that affects the available route

A

Single-path algorithms

66
Q

Supports multiple paths to the destination by load-balancing or load sharing

A

Mult-path algorithms

67
Q

This routing structure is called “classless” routing and supports variable length subnet mask (VLSM)

A

Hierarchical

68
Q

The primary advantage of hierarchal algorithm routing is that?

A

It mimics the structure of most organizations and therefore supports their traffic patterns well

69
Q

Works within a routing domain…. Rip, IGRP, EIGRP , OSPF

A

Intra-domain algorithms

70
Q

Used with exterior gateway protocol… BGP is an example

A

Inter-domain algorithms

71
Q

Uses routing tables by using broadcast routing update messages when the network topology changes and at regular intervals.

A

Distance vector

72
Q

These build a complete topological map of the entire area in memory which allows them to see the entire path to the destination network ensuring the path is valid and is the best available path

A

Link state algorithms

73
Q

What are the three classes of routing protocols

A

Distance vector
Link state
Balanced hybrid

74
Q

What are the two distance Victor protocols

A

RIP router information protocol

IGRP interior gateway routing protocol

75
Q

This is considered a pure distance routing protocol it uses only one path length or hop count for its calculations to insert routes into routing tables.

A

Routing information

76
Q

What is the max hop count for RIP

A

15

Cyber Trans (12 decks)

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