Overview

Question 1

(2) Pharmacokinetics describes how the body effects the drug, which includes these 3 qualities about drug-body interaction

Answer 1

absorption
distribution
elimination

Question 2

(2) Pharmacodynamics describes the interaction between drug and site of action, which achieves which goals?

Answer 2

pharmacologic effect
clinical response (either effectiveness or toxicity)

Question 3

(5) What physiological variables could effect drug response?

Answer 3

body weight and size
age (older having less capacity to metabolize drug)
gender differences (ie. women with greater lipid stores)

Question 4

(5) What pathologic variables are important in drug responses? (3)

Answer 4

renal insufficiency (ability to eliminate drugs)
hepatic disease (ability to metabolize drugs)
acid/base or electrolyte imbalance effect action of drug

Question 5

(5) What genetic variables effect drug response?

Answer 5

genetic differences contribute to differences in proteom including ability to create and metabolize proteins, variation in receptor protein and interactions with other proteins and enzymes

Question 6

(6) What is required for a drug to cause an allergic reaction?

Answer 6

(1) most small drugs must be covalently linked to a macromolecule
(2) rxn requires previous exposure to drug
(3) immune response to happen-protein complex; ie. anaphylaxis results from widespread release of histamine, causing edema, bronchiolar constriction, heart failure and death

Question 7

(6) Name systems that may manifest allergic reaction in humans (5).

Answer 7

skin (urticaria, rashes, exfoliative dermatitis)
mucous membranes (inflammation, swelling, extra secretions)
respiratory tract (difficulty breathing)
vascular system (fall in blood pressure)
blood (reduction in circulating blood cell type)

Question 8

(6) Name two general classes of drugs that commonly result in allergic reaction.

Answer 8

antibiotics, [penicillins, sulfonamides], some anti seizure medications [barbiturates]

Question 9

(7) Is the placebo effect uniform across treated conditions?

Answer 9

no, some illness treated with medication have strong psychological components while others do not (ie. IBS v. bacterial infection)