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AQA CHEMISTRY A LEVEL > 2.6 Reactions of aqueous ions > Flashcards

2.6 Reactions of aqueous ions Flashcards

1
Q

What is formed when Fe²⁺ reacts with water?

A

Forms [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺

Hexa-aqua iron

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2
Q

What is formed when Cu²⁺ reacts with water?

A

Forms [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺

Hexa-aqua copper

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3
Q

What is formed when Fe³⁺ reacts with water?

A

Forms [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺

Hexa-aqua iron

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4
Q

What is formed when Al³⁺ reacts with water?

A

Forms [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺

Hexa-aqua aluminium

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5
Q

Which is more acidic [M(H₂O)₆]³⁺ or [M(H₂O)₆]²⁺?

A

[M(H₂O)₆]³⁺

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6
Q

Explain why [M(H₂O)₆]³⁺ is more acidic?

A
  • Has a higher charge and a smaller size.
  • Therefore, the 3+ charge is more polarising.
  • This attracts the e¯ from the oxygen lone pair on water ligands.
  • This weakens the O-H bond on the water ligands.
  • Makes it easier for the release of H⁺ from these bonds.
  • H⁺ dissociates more, and therefore is more acidic.
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7
Q

How does [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ react with a little bit of NaOH/NH₃?

A
  • Partial hydrolysis of water ligands.

- Results in neutralisation.

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8
Q

[Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + OH¯/NH₃ →

A

[Fe(OH)₂(H₂O)₄] + 2H₂O

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9
Q

What is the observation for [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + OH¯/NH₃?

A

Green precipitate (solution)

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10
Q

How does [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ react with a little bit of NaOH/NH₃?

A
  • Partial hydrolysis of water ligands.

- Results in neutralisation.

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11
Q

[Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + OH¯/NH₃ →

A

[Cu(OH)₂(H₂O)₄] + 2H₂O

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12
Q

What is the observation for [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + OH¯/NH₃?

A

Blue precipitate (solution)

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13
Q

How does [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺react in excess OH¯/NH₃?

A

Same as in a little bit, just neutralisation.

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14
Q

How does [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ react in excess OH¯?

A

Same as in a little bit, just neutralisation.

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15
Q

How does [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ react with a little bit of NaOH/NH₃?

A
  • Partial hydrolysis of water ligands.

- Results in neutralisation.

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16
Q

How does [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ react with a little bit of NaOH/NH₃?

A
  • Partial hydrolysis of water ligands.

- Results in neutralisation.

17
Q

[Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + OH¯ / NH₃→

A

[Fe(OH)₃(H₂O)₃] + 3H₂O

18
Q

[Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + OH¯/NH₃ →

A

[Al(OH)₃(H₂O)₃] + 3H₂O

19
Q

What is the observation for [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + OH¯/NH₃?

A

Brown precipitate (solution)

20
Q

What is the observation for [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + OH¯/NH₃?

A

White precipitate (solution)

21
Q

How does react [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ in excess OH¯/NH₃?

A

Same as in a little bit, just neutralisation.

22
Q

How does react [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ in excess OH¯?

A

Forms [Al(OH)₄]¯

23
Q

How does [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ react in excess NH₃?

A

Same as in a little bit, just neutralisation.

24
Q

How does [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ react in excess NH₃?

A
  • Neutralisation to form [Cu(OH)₂(H₂O)₄]

- Then does ligand substitution to form [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺

25
Q

What is the observation for [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + excess NH₃?

A

Dark Blue solution

26
Q

How does react [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ in excess NH₃?

A

Same as in a little bit, just neutralisation.

27
Q

What is the observation for [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + excess OH¯?

A

Colourless solution (see-through)

28
Q

How does [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ react with CO₃¯?

A
  • Neutralisation

Forms [Al(OH)₃(H₂O)₃]

29
Q

What the observation for [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + CO₃¯?

A

White precipitate + CO₂

30
Q

How does [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ react with CO₃¯?

A
  • Neutralisation

Forms [Fe(OH)₃(H₂O)₃]

31
Q

What the observation for [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + CO₃¯?

A

Brown precipitate + CO₂

32
Q

How does [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ react with CO₃¯?

A

Forms SALT + WATER

33
Q

[Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + CO₃¯ =

A

FeCO₃ + 6H₂O

34
Q

What the observation for [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + CO₃¯?

A

Green precipitate

35
Q

How does [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ react with CO₃¯?

A

Forms SALT + WATER

36
Q

[Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + CO₃¯ =

A

CuCO₃ + 6H₂O

37
Q

What the observation for [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + CO₃¯?

A

Blue precipitate

AQA CHEMISTRY A LEVEL (28 decks)

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