First United Front

Question 1

FUF est - miltary govt Sun

Answer 1

• 10 September 1917 – Sun Yat-sen elected Grand Marshall of a new military government in Guangzhou by members of old National Assembly – in opposition to government in Beijing; allied with southern warlords

• Sun returned to Guangzhou in 1921 and established another government on 5 May with Chen Jiongming

Question 2

Sun-Joffe Dec

Answer 2

• August 1922 – Sun Yat-sen met with Comintern Agents Maring and Joffe to discuss re-organisation of GMD and conditions for Soviet aid - negotiations for a United Front

– CCP members could be GMD members – find common ground before class divisions

• 26 January 1923 – joint manifesto by Sun & Joffe – urgent goals of the new alliance: ‘national independence’ & ‘national unity’;

China not yet ready for communism

Question 3

First National Congress

Answer 3

20-23 January 1924

• Communists part of First National Congress of new organization

– 3/24 seats in CEC, Li Dazhao one; 7/16 seats in reserve CEC, Mao Zedong one

• adopted the Russian’s organizationalplan, which put the party above the government, duplicating ministerial organs in Leninist fashion. This, and the absence of electoral democracy, meant that whoever controlled the central party institutions could exercise autocratic power
• • Sun sent Chiang Kai-shek on three-month visit to Moscow to receive training from Trotsky

Question 4

Whampoa Military Academy est _leader

Answer 4

est May 1, 1924

- 3 May 1924 – Chiang Kai-shek head of Huangpu Military Academy and the KMT Army

Question 5

Whampoa ideology

Answer 5

indoctrinated in Nationalist ideology

○ Condition of Soviet funding was that the CCP be included in the academy

○ Did not conscript soldiers or loot villages; promise of land reform & encouraged peasant support for the GMD

• three quarters of the initial intake was made up of sons of landlords,middle-income peasants or officials

Chiang, given his distrust of the Soviets, imposed a traditional father-figure system with which students were familiar

Question 6

Death of Sun

Answer 6

11 March 1925

20 August 1925 – Infighting in KMT becomes right v. left as Wang Jingwei, Chiang Kai-shek and Mikhail Borodin form right-wing coalition