Unit 1 - Pediatrics

Question 1

what are the methods of distraction for

• young infants? (up to 9 mo)
• older infants? (9 mo to 2 yr)
• toddlers? (2 to 3 yr)
• school age? (3 yr+)

Answer 1

young: anything shiny or moving
older: calculator, cell phone, video, peek-a-boo
toddler: video, ask about things they like
school: any other questions about them

Question 2

should you ever lie to a toddler?

Answer 2

no; tell them what you’re doing, and sugar-coat it, but don’t lie because then they will never trust you again

Question 3

motor and social/language for newborns

Answer 3

• primitive reflexes, fixing gaze, flexed posture (fisted hands normal, b/c used to it in utero
• cries to communicate, eat/poop every 2 hours

Question 4

motor and social/language for 2 mo

Answer 4

• less flexed, visually tracks, use upper shoulders and extremities to keep head up, and flexion/extension in attempt to keep balance
• coos (long vowel sounds), smiles

Question 5

motor and social/language for 4 mo

Answer 5

• hands to midline, rolls front to back, pull and sit, keep head in place
• laughs, stops crying at parent’s voice, orients head to voice

Question 6

motor and social/language for 6 mo

Answer 6

• sits, unilateral reach, raking grasp (may not be able to reach or actually grasp it properly)
• oral exploration (begins to eat things), babbles (repetitive consonants), stranger anxiety

Question 7

motor and social/language for 9 mo

Answer 7

• says Mama, Dada, object permanence (understands peek-a-boo is just someone hiding under a blanket
• crawls, cruises (walks along furniture), claps

Question 8

motor and social/language for 12 mo

Answer 8

• independent steps (may fall, but at least trying)

- understands much, say a couple words, but mostly jargon with gestures (try to mimic adults)

Question 9

motor and social/language for 2 yo

Answer 9

• walks up stairs holding one hand, scribbles

- know at least 10 words, try to know body parts

Question 10

motor and social/language for 3 yo

Answer 10

• pedals tricycle, walks up stairs alternating feet

- parallel play (play near each other, but not necessarily together), knows age and sex

Question 11

motor and social/language for 4 yo

Answer 11

• hops on one foot, use scissors, climbs well

- can tell a story, goes to toilet alone

Question 12

what are normal HR for newborn?

Answer 12

80-205 bpm

Question 13

what are normal HR for 3 mo to 2 yr?

Answer 13

75 to 190 bpm

Question 14

what are normal HR for 2 yr to 10 yr?

Answer 14

60 to 140 bpm

Question 15

what are normal HR for >10 yr?

Answer 15

50 to 100 bpm

Question 16

what are normal RR for infant (birth to 12 mo)?

Answer 16

30 to 60

Question 17

what are normal RR for toddler (1 to 2 yr)?

Answer 17

24 to 40

Question 18

what are normal RR for pre-schoolers (3 to 4 yr)?

Answer 18

22 to 34

Question 19

what are normal RR for school age (5 to 12 yr)?

Answer 19

18 to 30

Question 20

what are normal RR for adolescent?

Answer 20

12 to 16