Final: Cole's Molecular Regulation of Development Practice Questions

Question 1

1) Which of the following is characterized by a cell releasing a signal molecule which diffuses into the local environment, followed by nearby cells responding?
• A) endocrine signaling
• B)autocrinesignaling
• C) paracrine signaling
• D)juxtacrinesignaling
• E)synapticsignaling

Answer 1

C) paracrine signaling - a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells

Question 2

2. A signal molecule is also known as a...
A. Receptor
B. Ligand
C. Protein kinase 
D. Initiator

Answer 2

B. 

Question 3

• Which type of transcription factor plays a variety of important roles in developing nervous system/sense organs?
A. Dlx gene proteins
• B. Lim proteins
• C. Msx gene proteins
• D. Pax proteins
• E. Sox gene proteins and partner proteins

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Intercellular signaling molecules can exert both positive and negative (inhibitory) effects on growth of their target cells. Which signaling molecules, in general, often functions as a positive regulators of growth or differentiation? 2 answers
• A. fibroblast growth factor proteins
• B. Wnt proteins
• C. retinoic acid
• D. bone morphogenetic proteins
• E. Sonic hedgehog

Answer 4

A and E

Question 5

Proteins can plays a role in keeping cell division in check. When mutated, which of the is unable to do its job, and as a result uncontrolled cell growth may occur. This may contribute to the development of a cancer.
• A. mutations in Hox genes
• B. mutations in Notch receptors
• C. proto-oncogenes
• D. retinoic acid
• E. tumor suppressor genes

Answer 5

E. Tumor Suppressor genes
Proto-oncogenes induce tumor formation through dominant gain-of-function alleles; tumor suppressor genes have recessive loss- of-function alleles that result in failure to suppress cell division, resulting in uncontrolled cell division in affected populations

Question 6

Retinoic acid is the oxidized form of Vitamin A, with only partial vitamin A function. It functions in determining position along embryonic anterior/posterior axis in chordates in conjunction with which of the following?
A. Dlx gene proteins
• B. Hox genes
• C. Msx gene proteins
• D. Pax proteins
• E. Sox gene proteins and partner proteins

Answer 6

B. Hox genes

RA acts through Hox genes, which ultimately control anterior/posterior patterning in early developmental stages.

Question 7

Which type of transcription factor important in specifying whether limbs will be forelimb or hindlimbs?
• A. Hox genes and Homeodomain proteins
• B. T-Box gene family
• C. Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factors
• D. Zinc finger transcription factors
• E.Sox gene proteins

Answer 7

B

Question 8

The HMG (for high mobility group. box is a DNA binding domain that is highly conserved throughout eukaryotic species. Which genes encode a family of transcription factors that bind to the minor groove in DNA, and belong to a super-family of genes characterized by a HMG-box?
• A. Wt1 gene proteins
• B. Hox proteins
• C. Msx gene proteins
• D. Zinc finger proteins
• E. Sox gene proteins

Answer 8

E.

Question 9

Jes, go look at Cole’s Embryo practice for picture identification questions.

Answer 9

You’re welcome.