Chapter 20 - Upper Air Meteorology

Question 1

42.34.2

Define: (a) contour line;

Answer 1

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Question 2

42.34.2

Define: (b) thermal wind;

Answer 2

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Question 3

42.34.2

Define: (c) isotherm;.

Answer 3

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Question 4

42.34.4
State the information that can be obtained from spacing and orientation of contour
lines.

Answer 4

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Question 5

42.34.6

Demonstrate proficiency in interpreting information contained on a contour chart.

Answer 5

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Question 6

42.34.8

Explain the factors involved in determining a thermal wind.

Answer 6

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Question 7

42.34.10
Explain why the wind at progressively higher altitudes in mid latitudes tends to become
westerly.

Answer 7

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Question 8

42.34.12

Describe the vertical variation of pressure within low level: (a) depressions with a cold core;

Answer 8

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Question 9

42.34.12

Describe the vertical variation of pressure within low level: (b) depressions with a warm core;

Answer 9

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Question 10

42.34.12

Describe the vertical variation of pressure within low level: (c) anticyclones with a cold core;

Answer 10

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Question 11

42.34.12

Describe the vertical variation of pressure within low level: (d) anticyclones with a warm core.

Answer 11

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Question 12

42.34.14
State the characteristic slope (“lean”) of axis of cold depressions and warm
anticyclones with altitude in the southern hemisphere.

Answer 12

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Question 13

42.34.16

Define “jet stream”.

Answer 13

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Question 14

42.34.18
Describe the structure of a jet stream including explanations of wind shear and
turbulence.

Answer 14

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Question 15

42.34.20

List the four principal jet streams located globally in the troposphere.

Answer 15

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Question 16

42.34.22

Regarding the Southern Hemisphere polar jet stream, describe its: (a) association with fronts and thermal gradients;

Answer 16

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Question 17

42.34.22

Regarding the Southern Hemisphere polar jet stream, describe its: (b) location relative to the frontal interface;

Answer 17

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Question 18

42.34.22

Regarding the Southern Hemisphere polar jet stream, describe its: (c) usual, or typical, altitude;

Answer 18

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Question 19

42.34.22
Regarding the Southern Hemisphere polar jet stream, describe its: (d) intensity and latitudinal location in winter compared to summer;

Answer 19

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Question 20

42.34.22

Regarding the Southern Hemisphere polar jet stream, describe its: (e) preferred regions of turbulence.

Answer 20

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Question 21

42.34.24
Regarding the Southern Hemisphere subtropical jet stream, describe/state: (a) the origin of its associated thermal gradient;

Answer 21

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Question 22

42.34.24
Regarding the Southern Hemisphere subtropical jet stream, describe/state: (b) its location relative to the fractured tropopause;

Answer 22

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Question 23

42.34.24

Regarding the Southern Hemisphere subtropical jet stream, describe/state: (c) its usual altitude;

Answer 23

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Question 24

42.34.24
Regarding the Southern Hemisphere subtropical jet stream, describe/state: (d) the region where the strongest turbulence is generally found.

Answer 24

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Question 25

42.34.26
State the season during which jet streams are more active as the result of differing
global thermal gradients.

Answer 25

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Question 26

42.34.28
With respect to (clear air) turbulence associated with jet streams, describe or state the: (a) relationship between wind shear value and severity of turbulence;

Answer 26

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Question 27

42.34.28
With respect to (clear air) turbulence associated with jet streams, describe or state the: (b) regions where clear air turbulence is likely to be found;

Answer 27

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Question 28

42.34.28
With respect to (clear air) turbulence associated with jet streams, describe or state the: (c) effect on the severity of turbulence where mountain waves and jet stream
combine.

Answer 28

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Question 29

42.34.30
With respect to cloud formations associated with jet streams, describe or state the type
of cloud commonly found on the: (a) warm side of the jet stream;

Answer 29

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Question 30

42.34.30
With respect to cloud formations associated with jet streams, describe or state the type
of cloud commonly found on the: (b) cold side of the jet stream.

Answer 30

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Question 31

42.34.32
Describe how a pilot can anticipate the location and altitude of jet streams, and what
telltale signs are often present in flight to locate a jet stream.

Answer 31

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Question 32

42.34.34
With respect to polar and subtropical jet streams in both hemispheres, list their
locations and characteristics in terms of: (a) average wind velocity (direction and speed);

Answer 32

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Question 33

42.34.34
With respect to polar and subtropical jet streams in both hemispheres, list their
locations and characteristics in terms of: (b) average pressure altitude;

Answer 33

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Question 34

42.34.34
With respect to polar and subtropical jet streams in both hemispheres, list their
locations and characteristics in terms of: (c) typical maximum wind speed;

Answer 34

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Question 35

42.34.34
With respect to polar and subtropical jet streams in both hemispheres, list their
locations and characteristics in terms of: (d) average latitudinal location.
Tropical Meteorology

Answer 35

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