Arthrology Flashcards
what is the structure of the non-axial synovial joint?
-measured in?
what is the movement?
give an example
this is just a plane joint.
movement is sliding or gliding
-measured in linear terms
example: zygapophyseal joint: btwn superior articular facet and inferior articular facet
intercarpal
midcarpal
what are the structures of the uniaxial synovial joints? what are the plane movements?
movement is?
examples
1)PIVOT uniaxial transverse plane
rotation
usually within a sleeve or a ring
ex: atlantodental of C1 and C2 (dens) - rotation about the dens (say no)
2) HINGE :uniaxial sagittal plane
axis is M-L flexion/extenion
ex: knee joint: condyles of femur and tibia articulate with articular surface of patella and patellar surfaces
what are the structures of the biaxial synovial joints? what are the plane movements?
actions?
examples
1) Saddle- biaxial
opposing surfaces are shaped like a saddle
ex: carpotmetacarpal jt.
- trapezium articulates with base metacarpal
actions: flexion/extension
abduction and adduction
circumduction
2) condyloid
actions in 2 planes
ex: wrist: radius articulates with articular disks of distal R-U joint
actions: flexion/extension in the sagital plane
what are the structures of the triaxial synovial joints? what are the plane movements?
movement is?
examples
1) Ball and socket
ex: shoulder and hip joints
actions: flex/ext
abduction/adduction
rotation
circumduction
describe a hip replacement due to osteoarthritis?
damaged ball (head of femur) replaced by metal or ceramic ball. -can use stainless steel, alloy of cobalt, chrome, and titanium
-or use water resistant plastic or ceramic
where is the most frequently injured major joint in the body?
-what ligaments?
ankle sprains- due to inversion most commonly
-anterior talofibular lig and or calcaneofibular lig
-can also get avulsion fractures: break malleolus inferior to make ankle joint
Pott fracture-dislocation of ankle: due to forceful eversion. rupture of deltoid log. bimalleolar fracture
what is degenerative joint disease
activities wear away the articular hyaline cartilage, especially in weight bearing joints.
osteoarthritis is stiffness and pain
what is rheumatoid arthritis, how is it different from osteoporosis?
inflammation with arthritis.
due to autoimmune diesase, can also see other organs affected
so more so affects the synovial fluid and the capsule is inflamed
what does the fulcrum, rigid bar, resistant force, and the movement force correspond to on the body?
most lever systems in the body are what class?
what are the components of the resultant vector?
when does one vector change?
joint
limb segment
muscle/gravity
muscle/gravity
- a joint is a fulcrum!
- most are 3rd class
- resultant of all the forces and torques acting on a joint
- do have rotatary (amount of force to rotate) and stabilizing component. after 90 degrees stabilizing component becomes dislocating force
knowledge of general vs specific joint actions
what movements occur in each plane? give examples
sagittal plane:
extension/flextion
ex: planarflexion and dorsiflextion of the ankle
frontal/coronal plane:
abduction, adduction
ex: wrist and atlantoOOCIPTAL
transverse/horizontal plane: rotation
ex: pronation, supination of radioulnar and inversion/eversion of mid tarsal
what are the 3 types of joints
fibrous
cartilagenous
and
synovial
describe the fibrous joints
degree of mobility?
examples?
fibrous have a variable degree of mobility
1) sutures: interlocking/overlapping of bone
ex: in the head
2) gomphosis
ex: teet in socket which aren’t supposed to move
3) syndesmosis:
sheet of fibrous tissue
ex: interosseous joint of radial and ulnar
describe the cartilaginous joints
give examples
what another name for them
1) primary: bones united by HYALINE cartilage and usually temporary
ex: epiphyseal plate/growth plate in femur
aka : synchondrosis
2) Secondary : aka symphsysi
bones unified by FIBROCARTILAGE, slightly moveable
ex: symphysis pubis
ex: intervertebral disks
describe the synovial joints and give examples
what are the components?
most movable
-articulating bony surfaces DO NOT make contact bc covered with specialized hyaline
articular capsule: is the fibrous capsule and the synovial membrane
joint cavity: contains synovial fluid
articular cartilage is specialized hyaline cartilage
-have intrinsic and extrinsic accessory ligaments
objective: student should demonstrate knowledge of arthrology terminology
define: arthrology arthritis arthorscopy kinesiology biomechanics ergonomics joint/articulation
arthrology: study of joints
arthritis: inflammation of joints
arthroscopy: insertion of camera into a joint vs small incision (biopsy, dx, removal of debris)
kinesiology: study of movement
biomechanics: physics of movement
ergonomics: humans interaction with environment
joint/articulation: junction between 2 ore more bones/parts of a bone
