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Maternal Nursing > Normal Newborn > Flashcards

Normal Newborn Flashcards

0
Q

how the baby breathes in utero

A

oxygenation is across placental membrane

lungs are filled with fluid and blood vessels are constricted

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1
Q

length of infant transition period from inside to out

A

8 hours

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2
Q

initial breathing is stimulated by reflex of…

A

physical, sensory, and chemical factors

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3
Q

what occurs to respiratory system once cord is cut?

A

decreased arterial o2
increased co2 pressure
decreased ph

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4
Q

benefits of first cry

A

grabs air and clears lungs

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5
Q

physical stimuli at birth

A

heat loss from wet body/cold air
release from fluid environment/gravitational forces
release of resistance from vaginal walls

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6
Q

APGAR scoring

A 
activity 
pulse
grimace
appearance
respiration 
at birth, 1 minute and 5 mins
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7
Q

acrocyanosis

A

circulatory (not resp) issue.. infants hands and feet are blue

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8
Q

normal respiration rate and pattern

A

norm- 30-60 /min
tachy- >60/min
shallow, quiet, irregular, nose breather, chest and abdomen rise with inspiration

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9
Q

how the heart adapts

A

closure of foremen ovale (atrium) from pressure in left atrium
ductus arteriosum closes
dectus venosus doesn’t transport blood

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10
Q

normal cardiac rate and rhythm

A

120-160 bpm
irregular
take apical for 1 minute

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11
Q

GI adaptation

A

sucking reflex
enzymes for digestion of fat, CHO, proteins
immature sphincter between esophagus and stomach

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12
Q

tracheosophageal fistula

A

hole/channel between esophagus and tracheal

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13
Q

meconium

A

thick, sticky, dark green/black transitional stool

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14
Q

renal system adaptations

A

urine is present in bladder at birth, void within 24 hours
6-8 wet diapers a day
limited ability to excrete drugs

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15
Q

hepatic system adaptation

A

production of hgb
production of products for blood coagulation
depend on iron for 3months from pregnancy
need iron intake after 4 months

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16
Q

liver changes at birth

A

extra bilirubin that liver needs to break down

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17
Q

immune system

A

risk for infection

breast fed will increase passive immunity for up to 3 months

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18
Q

integumentary system

A 
skin is red and beefy at birth
vernix helps maintain heat
lanugo
desquamation- peeling/scaling
Mongolian spots
milia
Epstein pearls
nevi
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19
Q

Epstein pearls

A

papules on tongue/pallet

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20
Q

nevi

A

birthmarks

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21
Q

Changes with birth- female reproductive

A

Labia is swollen and covers the clitoris

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22
Q

Changes with birth - male

A

Urinary meatus is at the tip of the penis, testes are descended, scrotum is large

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23
Q

Changes with birth - musculoskeletal system

A

Flexed position, symmetrical movements, head is largest part, cranium is molding, Fontanels open

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24
Q

Anterior fontanel location and when it closes

A

At the top of the head, larger, closes at 18 months

25
Q

Posterior fontanel

A

Back of the head, closes in 6-8 weeks after birth

26
Q

Neurological system Changes with birth

A

Uncoordinated movements, startles easily

27
Q

Moro-startle reflex

A

Arms go out when startled

28
Q

Babinski reflex

A

Toes fan out= positive, up to 2 years

29
Q

Tonic neck reflex

A

Fencing position with one arm out

30
Q

Feeding reflexes

A

Rooting, sucking, swallowing, gag

31
Q

Grasp reflex

A

Closes hand around finger

32
Q

Stepping or dancing reflex

A

Pulls feet up when they hit a surface

33
Q

Cough and sneeze reflex

A

Sneezing because of fluid in the esophagus

34
Q

Metabolic control Changes with birth

A

Burns brown fat to keep warm, heat depletes rapidly when exposed to air

35
Q

Heat loss-convection

A

Heat flows from body surface in cooler surrounding air- prevent heat loss with warm room and wrap infant

36
Q

Heat loss- radiation

A

Lose body heat it cooler solid surface, not in direct contact (window)

37
Q

Heat loss-evaporation

A

Loss of heat when liquid converts to vapor, dry newborn immediately

38
Q

Heat loss- conduction

A

Lose heat directly from body surface to cooler surfaces in direct contact

39
Q

Sensory changes with birth

A

Right sided preference, alert if held upright

40
Q

Visual sensory changes with birth

A

Like back dots on white background, moving items, circles, recognize faces, see 9-12 inches away

41
Q

Auditory senses changes with birth

A

Becomes acute within the first few hours, can’t tell which way a sound is coming from, can tell moms and dads voices in two weeks

42
Q

Sensory- touch changes with birth

A

Very sensitive, cuddle and swaddle

43
Q

Hematology levels

A

Hemoglobin- 16-20 g/dl

Hematocrit- 45-65%

44
Q

Bilirubin changes

A

Released with destruction of RBCs, excreted in feces and bile

45
Q

Physiologic jaundice

A

Increased bilirubin during 2nd-3rd day of life, subsides by 2nd week

46
Q

Pathological jaundice

A

Occurs within first 24 hours and is bc of over abundance of RBCs that need to be broken down

47
Q

What helps with blood coagulation that newborns cannot produce?

A

Vitamin k- they need anyhow of it at birth to help

48
Q

Sleep state I

A

Deep sleep

49
Q

Sleep state II

A

Light sleep

50
Q

Awake state III

A

Drowsy

51
Q

Awake state IV

A

Alert- feed at this stage

52
Q

Awake state V

A

Eyes open- feet at this state

53
Q

Awake state VI

A

Crying

54
Q

Upon admission to nursery

A 
Clear mucus from nose
First feeding with sterile water
Hand wash and use gloves
Match bracelets
Check blood glucose
Erythromycin in eyes
55
Q

Physical assessment of newborn

A

Skin turgor, plantar creases, head and chest circumference, nose shape, ear placement, palate and lips, eye symmetry and movement, fontanels, abdomen bowel sounds, appropriate genitalia, extremities, birthmarks, reflexes

56
Q

Circumcision care

A

Cover with sterile gauze with sterile petroleum jelly, note voiding and bleeding, expect yellow exudate

57
Q

How many diapers a day

A

8-10

58
Q

Discharge teaching

A

Safety, cord care, feeding, circumcision care

59
Q

Symptoms to report to dr with newborn

A

Temperature over 100 axillary, respiratory distress

Maternal Nursing (22 decks)

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