266 (ageing)

Question 1

UN definition of an older person

Answer 1

60+

Question 2

subcategories of older persons

Answer 2

young-old: 65-74
middle-old: 75-84
old-old: 85 and over
oldest-old: over 100

Question 3

definition of an older ATSI Australian?

Answer 3

over 50

Question 4

changes in body functions and processes: cardiovascular

Answer 4

heart pumps less effectively

left ventricle enlarges

valves stiffen and thicken

fatty deposits and fibrous tissue are deposited

Question 5

changes in body functions and processes: digestive?

Answer 5

delayed swallowing

decreased gastric pH = less absorption

Question 6

changes in body functions and processes: endocrine?

Answer 6

increased insulin resistance

lower thyroid function

increased risk of type II diabetes

Question 7

changes in body functions and processes: immune?

Answer 7

t cells become less responsive

b cells produce fewer antibodies

Question 8

changes in body functions and processes: integumentary?

Answer 8

fat layer decreases, leading to wrinkles, thinning of skin, loss of elasticity, drier skin

clustering of melanocytes leads to pigmentation spots

hair blubs lose pigment (greying)

increased calcium deposits = nails thicken and become ridged

fewer sweat glands, less perspiration

Question 9

changes in body functions and processes: musculoskeletal

Answer 9

bones become less dense, depleted of calcium and minerals

thinning and curvature of spine = loss of height

stiffening, loss of joint cartilage = loss of flexibility

diminished muscle mass, tone, contractility = muscle weakness, slower movements

Question 10

changes in body functions and processes: nervous system?

Answer 10

shrinkage of nerve cells = slower transmission of messages

breakdown of nerve cells in brain leads to plaques and tangles

Question 11

changes in body functions and processes: respiratory?

Answer 11

weakening of ribs and diaphragm = diminished ability to expand the chest, decreased breathing capacity

Question 12

changes in body functions and processes: sensory?

Answer 12

degenerative diseases = loss of visual acuity

difficulty seeing closer objects

pupil sphincter becomes rigid, pupil becomes less small

thickening of eardrum + structural and nerve changes = diminished hearing

tongue atrophy = loss of taste

atrophy of olfactory bulb = loss of smell

Question 13

changes in body functions and processes: reproductive?

Answer 13

shrinking and atrophy of female reproductive organs

diminished secretion of female hormones and secretions

penile erection problems due to diminished blood flow

enlargement of prostate gland = increased frequency of urination

diminshed blood flow = changes to renal function inc. less urinary output, less excretion of wastes

diminished bladder tone and capacity

weakness of bladder muscles = increased urinary frequency and urgency, incontinence

Question 14

RLT factors influencing ALS

Answer 14

biological

physchological

sociocultural

environmental

politicoeconomic

Question 15

RLT activities of living

Answer 15

maintaining a safe environment

communicating

breathing

eating and drinking

eliminating

personal cleansing and dressing

controlling body temperature

mobilising

working and playing

expressing sexuality

sleeping

dying

Question 16

what is the RLT model?

Answer 16

a conceptual framework for practice

a way of thinking about nursing, based on a model of living

Question 17

what are the four different aspects of RLT under ‘individualising nursing’?

Answer 17

assessing
planning
implementing
evaluating

Question 18

psychosocial theories of aging - disengagement theory?

Answer 18

successful ageing = process of withdrawal from social roles and responsibilites, increasing reflection and contemplation

society reciprocally withdraws these roles from older people to let younger peeps fulfill them

Question 19

psychosocial theories of aging - activity theory

Answer 19

successful ageing = being actively involved in social roles and activities that provide meaning and purpose

Question 20

psychosocial theories of aging - continuity theory?

Answer 20

successful ageing = basic personality and attitudes, familiar relationships, behaviours and lifestyle are maintained over the course of a life

Question 21

psychosocial theories of aging - erikson’s psychosocial theory of development

Answer 21

personality results from encounters between personal drives and societal demands

8th stage is Integrity vs Despair, successful resolution leads to ego integrity and the virtue of wisdom

Question 22

psychosocial theories of aging - gerotranscendence?

Answer 22

successful ageing = development of new, positive perspective

turning away from materialism towards cosmic, transcendent perspective = contentment and wisdom

Question 23

psychosocial theories of aging - selective optimisation with compensation theory?

Answer 23

successful ageing requires focused goal selection and attainment in light of losses and gains that occur

optimising things perceived as life enhancing, compensating for any areas of loss/limitation

Question 24

psychosocial theories of aging - socioemotional selectivity theory?

Answer 24

perception of diminished time available motivates individuals to adapt to enhance their wellbeing ie.

becoming selective of social networks and opting for high quality fulfilling relationships

Question 25

changes in body functions and processes: urinary?

Answer 25

enlargement of prostate gland = increased frequency of urination diminshed blood flow = changes to renal function inc. less urinary output, less excretion of wastes diminished bladder tone and capacity weakness of bladder muscles = increased urinary frequency and urgency, incontinence