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Neuroscience > Neuroendocrine (section 2) > Flashcards

Neuroendocrine (section 2) Flashcards

0
Q

In what boney structure is the pituitary gland housed?

A

Sella Turcica

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1
Q

What neural structures makeup the neuroendocrine system?

A

Pituitary Gland

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

What is the infundibulum?

A

It connects the hypothalamus to the Pituitary. Also called the pituitary stalk.

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3
Q

Posterior Pituitary is made up of what tissue?

A

Neural tissue

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4
Q

How many hormones are synthesized and secreted from the Anterior Pituitary?

A

6 hormones

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5
Q

What is another name for Anterior Pituitary?

A

Adenohypophysis

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6
Q

The Anterior pituitary gland is made up of what tissue?

A

Glandular Tissue

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7
Q

Name the 6 hormones of the Anterior Pituitary

A 
GH (growth hormone)
TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone)
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone)
LH (Luteinizing hormone)
PRL (Prolactin)
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8
Q

What is significant about the Posterior Pituitary?

A

It does not synthesize its own hormones

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9
Q

What is the name of the system which forms between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?

A

the Hypothalamic-hypophysial portal system

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10
Q

What controls the production and release of anterior pituitary hormones?

A

The hypothalamus secretes hormones that either stimulate or inhibit the production and release

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11
Q

What is the effect of GH?

A

Causes liver, kidneys and other organs to produce growth factors that promote increased bone growth

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12
Q

Full name of ACTH?

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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13
Q

Function of TSH?

A

Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

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14
Q

Full name of TSH?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

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15
Q

Function of ACTH?

A

Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroid hormones, especially cortisol

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16
Q

Full name of PRL

A

Prolactin

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17
Q

Function of LH

A

Along with FSH regulates menstrual cycle and oogenesis in women and regulate testicular hormones and spermatogenesis in men

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18
Q

Function of FSH

A

Along with LH regulates menstrual cycle and oogenesis in women and regulate testicular hormones and spermatogenesis in men

19
Q

Another name for the posterior pituitary gland

A

neurohypophysis

20
Q

Full name of FSH

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

21
Q

Function of PRL

A

Promotes milk production

Plays a roe in sexual drive and function

22
Q

2 hormones secreted by the Posterior Pituitary

A

Vasopressin

Oxytocin

23
Q

Function of Oxytocin

A

Promotes ejection of milk
Stimulates contraction of uterine smooth muscle during birth
Thought to play a role in sexual function including orgasm

24
Q

Another name for Vasopressin

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

25
Q

Function of Vasopressin

A

Enhances water retention by kidneys

26
Q

Oxytocin is also known as what?

A

“Bonding hormone”

27
Q

Name four regions of the Hypothalamus

A

Preoptic region
Anterior (supraoptic) region
Middle (tuberal) region
Posterior (mamillary) region

28
Q

Nuclei of Preoptic region

A

Medial and Lateral preoptic nuclei

29
Q

6 nuclei of Anterior (supraoptic) region

A 
Periventricular nucleus
Paraventricular nucleus
Anterior nucleus
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Supraoptic nucleus
Lateral hypothalamic nucleus
30
Q

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is produced by what nucleus?

A

Paraventricular nucleus

31
Q

Effect of Corticotropin-releasing hormone

A

Stimulate adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release from anterior pituitary

32
Q

3 nucleus of Posterior (mamillary) region

A

Posterior nucleus
Mammillary body
Lateral hypothalamic nucleus

33
Q

Corticotropin-releasing hormone is produced by what nucleus?

A

Paraventricular nucleus

34
Q

Effect of Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

A

Stimulate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release from anterior pituitary

35
Q

Two hormones produced by Arcuate nucleus

A

Prolactin-inhibiting hormone

Growth hormone-releasing hormone

36
Q

5 nuclei of Middle (tuberal) region

A 
Periventricular nucleus
Arcuate nucleus
Dorsomedial nucleus
Ventromedial nucleus
Lateral hypothalamic nucleus
37
Q

Effect of Prolactin-inhibiting hormone

A

Inhibit prolactin release from anterior pituitary

38
Q

Effect of Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone

A

Stimulate FSH and LH release from anterior pituitary

39
Q

Effect of Growth Hormone-releasing hormone

A

Stimulate GH release from anterior pituitary

40
Q

What hormone is produced in the Periventricular nucleus

A

Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone

41
Q

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone is produced in what nuclei

A

Preoptic area

42
Q

Which hormone inhibits GH release from Anterior Pituitary

A

Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone

43
Q

Two hormones produced in the Paraventricular nucleus

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

44
Q

Three main “other” functions of Hypothalamus

A
  1. Regulation of Circadian rhythms/sleep
  2. Appetite/Thirst
  3. Thermoregulation

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