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social studies > Chapter 1-5 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 1-5 Vocab Flashcards

0
Q

Large wall usually built from dirt along a river to prevent flooding

A

levee

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1
Q

Personal understanding of the world, shaped by experiences

A

perspective

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2
Q

Movement of ideas or behaviors from one cultural region to another

A

diffusion

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3
Q

Study of Earth’s natural landscapes and physical systems

A

physical geography

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4
Q

Art and science of mapmaking

A

cartography

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5
Q

Field of tracking Earth’s larger atmospheric systems

A

climatology

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6
Q

Open land that is often used for farming

A

rural

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7
Q

Contain cities

A

urban

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8
Q

culture that has become highly complex

A

civilization

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9
Q

occurs when people make important cultural changes as the result of long-term contact with another society

A

acculturation

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10
Q

occurs when demand is greater than supply

A

scarcity

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11
Q

elements of culture such as dress, food, and religious beliefs

A

culture traits

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12
Q

dollar value of all goods and services made in a country in one year

A

gross national product

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13
Q

learned system of shared beliefs and ways of doing things that guide a person’s daily behavior

A

culture

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14
Q

dependence of plants and animals on people

A

domestication

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15
Q

activities that directly involve natural resources or raw materials

A

primary industries

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16
Q

based on inherited physical or biological traits

A

race

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17
Q

people who start businesses in a free enterprise system

A

entrepreneurs

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18
Q

system where companies own farms

A

commercial agriculture

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19
Q

natural resources, money, labor, and people who start a business

A

factors of production

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20
Q

maximum number of species that can be supported by an area

A

carrying capacity

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21
Q

industries where people have specialized skills or knowledge

A

quaternary industries

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22
Q

government leaders held accountable by citizens through constitutions and democratic processes

A

limited government

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23
Q

resources that can be replaced by Earth’s natural processes

A

renewable resources

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24
Q

growing different crops on the same land over a period of years

A

crop rotation

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25
Q

people who farm steep hillsides build ____________ or horizontal ridges, into the slope

A

terraces

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26
Q

the long-term process of losing soil fertility and plant life

A

desertification

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27
Q

the destruction or loss of forest area

A

deforestation

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28
Q

water-bearing layers of rock, sand, or gravel deep underground

A

aquifers

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29
Q

taking salt out of seawater

A

desalinization

30
Q

a slow increase in Earth’s average temperature

A

global warming

31
Q

___________ resources are those that cannot be replaced by natural processes or are replaced very slowly

A

nonrenewable

32
Q

coal, petroleum, and natural gas are ________ fuels

A

fossil

33
Q

most popular renewable source of energy

A

hydroelectric power

34
Q

process crude oil into products

A

refineries

35
Q

heat escapes from steam vents and hot springs

A

geothermal energy

36
Q

sign that represents something else

A

symbol

37
Q

large farms that grow a limited amount of crops

A

commercial agriculture

38
Q

does not include income earned outside of country

A

gross domestic product

39
Q

companies can produce any goods they wish and charge customers however they want

A

free enterprise

40
Q

farming that provides only for that farmers family

A

subsistence agriculture

41
Q

economy based on custom and tradition

A

traditional economy

42
Q

study of Earth’s larger atmospheric systems

A

climatology

42
Q

changes that make it easier to live an environment

A

adaptations

43
Q

path, such as around the sun

A

orbit

44
Q

day when the Sun’s vertical rays are farthest from the equator

A

solstice

45
Q

gas that helps protect Earth from harmful solar radiation

A

ozone

46
Q

water that occurs in the air as an invisible gas

A

water vapor

47
Q

water that falls back to Earth in some form

A

precipitation

48
Q

outer, solid layer of Earth

A

crust

49
Q

one of Earth’s large landmasses

A

continent

50
Q

landform where a river joins an ocean

A

delta

51
Q

term used for the Sun and the objects that move around it?

A

solar system

52
Q

layer of gases that surround Earth

A

atmosphere

53
Q

circulation of water from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back

A

the water cycle

54
Q

magma that has reached the surface of Earth

A

lava

55
Q

a fractured surface in Earth’s crust where a mass of rocks is in motion

A

fault line

56
Q

large, slow-moving river of ice

A

glacier

57
Q

refers to the weight of the air

A

air pressure

58
Q

weather conditions in an area over a long period of time

A

climate

59
Q

when a large amount of warm air meets a large amount of cold air, an area of unstable weather is created called __________ forms.

A

front

60
Q

condition of the atmosphere at a given place and time is called what?

A

weather

61
Q

another term for dry

A

arid

62
Q

seasonal shift of air flow and rainfall

A

monsoon

63
Q

mostly dry climate found between desert and wet climate regions

A

steppe

64
Q

type of plant or animal that dies out completely has become _________.

A

extinct

65
Q

the study of the connections among different forms of life

A

ecology

66
Q

the gradual process by which one group of plants replaces another

A

plant succession

67
Q

process by which Earth’s atmosphere traps heat

A

greenhouse effect

68
Q

dry area created when warm, moist air loses its moisture

A

rain shadow

69
Q

layer of soil that stays frozen all year

A

permafrost

70
Q

process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy

A

photosynthesis

71
Q

decayed plant and animal matter in the soil

A

humus

social studies (11 decks)

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